Influence of gender on outcome from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes following ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in men and women. Methods: Overall mortality from ruptured AAA was compared in men and women using the Western Australia Health Services Research Database. The linked chains of de-identified hospital morbidity and death records were selected using the ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases—Clinical Modification) diagnostic and procedure codes pertaining to AAA. Cases were divided into three groups for analysis: patients who died without admission to hospital, those admitted to hospital with a ruptured AAA but who did not undergo operation, and patients who underwent operation for ruptured AAA. Results: Ruptured AAA occurred in 648 men and 225 women over the age of 55 years during the decade 1985–1994. Only 50 per cent of women, compared with 59 per cent of men, were admitted to hospital. Of those admitted to hospital only 37 per cent of women underwent operation, compared with 63 per cent of men. The overall mortality rate from ruptured AAA was 90 per cent in women and 76 per cent in men (χ2 = 50·34, 1 d.f., P < 0·0001). Although women were, on average, 6 years older than men, this unfavourable pattern occurred across all age groups. Conclusion: Women with a ruptured AAA are more likely to die than men. More research is required to identify the causes of this sex difference.