Particle Size Distribution in Highway Runoff

Abstract

Particles in highway runoff contain various sorbed pollutants, and many best management practices (BMPs) are selected for particle removal efficiency, which makes particle size distribution a crucial BMP design parameter. Particles between 2 and $\mathrm{1,000}\mu \mathrm{m}$ in diameter were quantified for three rainfall events during the 2002–2003 rainy season at three highway sites in west Los Angeles. Rainfall, runoff flow rate, and a large suite of water quality parameters were also measured. An experimental protocol was developed for bottle cleaning, sample storage, and mixing that provided repeatable results. Particle aggregation occurred which required samples to be analyzed in less than $6\mathrm{h}$ ; the concentration of small particles decreased with a corresponding increase in the concentration of larger particles in stored samples. The particle concentration decreased as the storm progressed and the number of large particles decreased more rapidly than the total number of particles. Particles demonstrated a strong first flush. On average, 40% of the particles were discharged in the first 20% of the runoff volume.