Luminescence Tuning of Upconversion Nanocrystals
- 16 April 2010
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Chemistry – A European Journal
- Vol. 16 (16), 4923-4931
- https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200903099
Abstract
Upconversion luminescence tuning of β‐NaYF4 nanorods under 980 nm excitation has successfully been achieved by tridoping with Ln3+ ions with different electronic structures. The effects of Ce3+ ions on NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ as well as Gd3+ ions on NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+(Er3+) have been studied in detail. By tridoping with Ce3+ ions, not only were unusual 5G5→5I7 and 5F2/3K8→5I8 transitions from Ho3+ ions and 5d→4f transitions from Ce3+ ions observed in NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanorods, but also an increase in the intensity of 5F5→5I8 relative to 5S2/5F4→5I8 with increasing Ce3+ concentration, which can be attributed to efficient energy transfers of 5I6 (Ho)+2F5/2 (Ce)→5I7 (Ho)+2F7/2 (Ce) and 5S2/5F4 (Ho)+2F5/2 (Ce)→5F5 (Ho)+2F7/2 (Ce). Interestingly, with increasing pump power density, the luminescence of NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanorods is always dominated by the 5S2/5F4→5I8 transition, whereas the luminescence of Ce3+‐tridoped NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanorods is dominated by the 5S2/5F4→5I8 and 5G5→5I7 transitions in turn. These observations are discussed on the basis of a rate equation model. Furthermore, Gd3+‐tridoped NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+(Er3+) nanorods can emit multicolor upconversion emissions spanning from the UV to the near‐infrared under 980 nm excitation. 6P5/2→8S7/2 (≈306 nm) and 6P7/2→8S7/2 (≈311 nm) transitions from Gd3+ ions were observed. In addition to the aforementioned luminescence properties, these Gd3+‐tridoped nanorods also exhibit paramagnetic behavior at room temperature and superparamagnetic behavior at 2 or 5 K.Keywords
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