Automated management of nutrient solutions based on target electrical conductivity, ph, and nutrient concentration ratios
- 1 September 1999
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Journal of Plant Nutrition
- Vol. 22 (9), 1415-1432
- https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169909365723
Abstract
An algorithm to automatically formulate the composition and prepare nutrient solutions for soilless cultures based on desired characteristics given as target values is proposed. To formulate the complete ionic composition of a nutrient solution, standard recommendations referring to the following solution characteristics should be available: (i) electrical conductivity (EC), (ii) pH, (iii) concentration ratios of macronutrients (meq basis), and (iv) micronutrient concentrations. Moreover, the mineral composition of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution should be taken into account. To develop the main steps of the algorithm, the total salt concentration (meq L‐1) of the nutrient solution is related to the desired electrical conductivity. The target pH indicates the concentration of HCO3 − in the nutrient solution, whereas the absolute concentration of each macronutrient is derived from the desired concentration ratios and the total salt concentration. The necessary calculations are standardized through the development of formulae. Furthermore, the differences in nutrient concentrations between desired levels in the solution and those found in the tap water represent the amounts of nutrients per volume nutrient solution (meq L−1) which should be added through fertilizers. The above described steps of the algorithm have been tabulated to facilitate their implementation. Moreover, a numerical example concerning the composition of a nutrient solution for cucumbers is given. In the final steps of the algorithm, two standard formulae are used to calculate the quantities of individual macronutrient and micronutrients fertilizers needed to prepare particular volumes of stock solutions. Alternatively, when stock solutions of single fertilizers having known concentrations are used, the composition of the nutrient solution can be automatically adapted to new target values. This task can be performed without replacing the existing stock solutions by rearranging the formulae used in the last steps of the algorithm to calculate dilution ratios instead of fertilizer quantities.Keywords
This publication has 23 references indexed in Scilit:
- Automated Composition Control of Nutrient Solution in Closed Soilless Culture SystemsJournal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1999
- Elemental bioavailability in nutrient solutions in relation to dissociation reactionsJournal of Plant Nutrition, 1997
- Effect of Phosphorus Application Rates Along a Nitrogen Application Curve on Growth and Cut Flower Quality in Chrysanthemum in NFT System.Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 1996
- Growth, photosynthesis and protein content in cucumber plants as affected by supplied nitrogen formJournal of Plant Nutrition, 1991
- Interactive effects of salinity and ammonium/nitrate ratio on growth and chemical composition of melon plantsJournal of Plant Nutrition, 1990
- Growth and cation absorption of some fruit?vegetable crops grown on rockwool as affected by different cation ratios in the nutrient solutionJournal of Plant Nutrition, 1985
- Hydroponics: Its history and use in plant nutrition studiesJournal of Plant Nutrition, 1982
- Nutritional control of a nutrient-film tomato cropScientia Horticulturae, 1977
- The influence of the chemical composition of a nutrient solution on the production of tomato plantsPlant and Soil, 1966
- A universal method for preparing nutrient solutions of a certain desired compositionPlant and Soil, 1961