Gut Microbes and Health: A Focus on the Mechanisms Linking Microbes, Obesity, and Related Disorders
Open Access
- 1 May 2018
- Vol. 26 (5), 792-800
- https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22175
Abstract
The past decade has been characterized by tremendous progress in the field of the gut microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Although numerous studies show a strong relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and specific metabolic disorders associated with obesity, the key mechanisms are still being studied. The present review focuses on specific complex pathways as well as key interactions. For instance, the nervous routes are explored by examining the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, and the brain, as well as the endocrine routes (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, endocannabinoids) by which gut microbes communicate with the host. Moreover, the key metabolites involved in such specific interactions (e.g., short chain fatty acids, bile acids, neurotransmitters) as well as their targets (i.e., receptors, cell types, and organs) are briefly discussed. Finally, the review highlights the role of metabolic endotoxemia in the onset of metabolic disorders and the implications for alterations in gut microbiota-host interactions and ultimately the onset of diseases.Funding Information
- Fonds de Recherche Fondamentale Stratégique/Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (FRFS/WELBIO) (WELBIO-2017-CGR)
- European Research Council Starting Grant in 2013 (336452-ENIGMO)
- Fondation Recherche Medicale (FRM) (ING20150532586)
- Société Française de Nutrition
- Allocations Exceptionnelles 2016
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Funds Baillet Latour
- Fondation Recherche Médicale
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