A study was conducted to characterize the aerosol found in turkey rearing confinements, to study biological response to inhalation of the aerosol, and to evaluate a water spray, dust suppression system in one confinement as compared to a control barn. A significant reduction in aerosol concentration in the “sprayed” barn was inferred by many environmental and biological sampling parameters. Similarity of physical and biological factors in both study populations, with the exception of the dust suppression system, implied that a mortality rate increase of 1.74 of control versus “sprayed” barn was directly related to aerosol concentration.