Visualization of Diamond Nucleation and Growth from Energetic Species

Abstract

The mystery of diamond nucleation by energetic species is resolved via a special deposition scheme. The evolution of the precursor material for diamond nucleation and the development of the nanodiamond crystallites are visualized by high resolution electron microscopy and other spectroscopies. The diamond precipitation and growth are explained in terms of our recently proposed mechanism [ Science 297, 1531 (2002)]: (i) precipitation of $s{p}^3$ clusters a small fraction of which are perfect diamond; (ii) growth of diamond crystallites by preferential displacement of amorphous carbon atoms leaving diamond atoms intact. This general scheme is applicable to other materials such as cubic boron nitride.