AURP: An AUV-Aided Underwater Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
Open Access
- 9 February 2012
- Vol. 12 (2), 1827-1845
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s120201827
Abstract
Deploying a multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) in a large area brings about new challenges in reliable data transmissions and survivability of network due to the limited underwater communication range/bandwidth and the limited energy of underwater sensor nodes. In order to address those challenges and achieve the objectives of maximization of data delivery ratio and minimization of energy consumption of underwater sensor nodes, this paper proposes a new underwater routing scheme, namely AURP (AUV-aided underwater routing protocol), which uses not only heterogeneous acoustic communication channels but also controlled mobility of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In AURP, the total data transmissions are minimized by using AUVs as relay nodes, which collect sensed data from gateway nodes and then forward to the sink. Moreover, controlled mobility of AUVs makes it possible to apply a short-range high data rate underwater channel for transmissions of a large amount of data. To the best to our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to employ multiple AUVs as relay nodes in a multi-hop UASN to improve the network performance in terms of data delivery ratio and energy consumption. Simulations, which are incorporated with a realistic underwater acoustic communication channel model, are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, and the results indicate that a high delivery ratio and low energy consumption can be achieved.Keywords
This publication has 18 references indexed in Scilit:
- Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challengesPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2012
- MIMO-OFDM for High-Rate Underwater Acoustic CommunicationsIEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2009
- High bandwidth underwater optical communicationApplied Optics, 2008
- Techniques for Deep Sea Near Bottom Survey Using an Autonomous Underwater VehicleThe International Journal of Robotics Research, 2007
- Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) mapping reveals coral mound distribution, morphology, and oceanography in deep water of the Straits of FloridaGeophysical Research Letters, 2006
- Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challengesAd Hoc Networks, 2005
- Multiple Controlled Mobile Elements (Data Mules) for Data Collection in Sensor NetworksLecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005
- Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networkingIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2003
- External force control for underwater vehicle-manipulator systemsIEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 2001
- Underwater acoustic networksIEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2000