Smoking and Risk for Diabetes Incidence and Mortality in Korean Men and Women
Open Access
- 7 September 2010
- journal article
- Published by American Diabetes Association in Diabetes Care
- Vol. 33 (12), 2567-2572
- https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0261
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Mounting evidence suggests that smoking is a cause of type 2 diabetes. We explored the association of cigarette smoking with diabetes incidence and mortality in a large cohort of Koreans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A 14-year prospective cohort study was performed on 1,236,443 Korean men and women, aged 30–95 years at baseline, who underwent standardized biennial medical examinations provided by the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC). Incident diabetes was identified on the basis of outpatient visits, hospitalization, or prescription medication treatment for diabetes, as captured in the NHIC database. Diabetes mortality was obtained through the national statistical office. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations of smoking with indicators of diabetes and diabetes mortality. RESULTS: Smoking was significantly associated with increased risk for diabetic outpatient treatment, hospitalization, and mortality among both men and women, and the risk among current smokers increased modestly with the number of cigarettes smoked daily (Ptrend < 0.0001 for all associations). Compared with never smokers, current male smokers who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day had increased risk for incident diabetes defined by outpatient treatment (adjusted hazard ratio 1.55 [1.51–1.60]), incident diabetes defined by ≥3 prescription medications for diabetes (1.71 [1.63–1.80]), and death from diabetes (1.60 [1.25–2.06]). The risks for outpatient treatment among smokers were higher in men than in women with evidence for effect modification by sex and age (Pinteraction < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides longitudinal evidence that smoking increases the risk of incident diabetes and mortality.Keywords
This publication has 19 references indexed in Scilit:
- Smoking and Risk of Tuberculosis Incidence, Mortality, and Recurrence in South Korean Men and WomenAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 2009
- Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a four‐year community‐based prospective studyClinical Endocrinology, 2009
- Cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and diabetesDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2009
- Cigarette Smoking Is Associated with Conversion from Normoglycemia to Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Western New York Health StudyAnnals of Epidemiology, 2009
- Validity of Self-reported Smoking Using Urinary Cotinine among Vocational High School StudentsJournal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, 2009
- Smoking-induced metabolic disorders: A reviewDiabetes & Metabolism, 2008
- Alcohol consumption and other risk factors for self‐reported diabetes among middle‐aged Japanese: a population‐based prospective study in the JPHC study cohort IDiabetic Medicine, 2005
- Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Middle-aged and Elderly Japanese Men and WomenAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 2004
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Incidence of Type 2 DiabetesDiabetes Care, 2003
- Effects of Smoking on the Incidence of Non-lnsulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Replication and Extension in a Japanese Cohort of Male EmployeesAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 1997