Toxicity of oil sands to early life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
- 1 July 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Vol. 23 (7), 1709-1718
- https://doi.org/10.1897/03-412
Abstract
The present study examines the effects of exposure to oil sands on the early life stages (ELS) off fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Sediments within and outside natural oil sand deposits were collected from sites along the Athabasca River (AB, Canada). The ELS toxicity tests were conducted with control water, natural oil sands, reference sediments, and oil‐refining wastewater pond sediments. Eggs and larvae were exposed to 0.05 to 25.0 g sediment/L and observed for mortality, hatching, malformations, growth, and cytochrome P4501A induction as measured by immunohistochemistry. Natural bitumen and wastewater pond sediments caused significant hatching alterations and exposure‐related increases in ELS mortality, malformations, and reduced size. Larval deformities included edemas, hemorrhages, and spinal malformations. Exposure to reference sediments and controls showed negligible embryo mortality and malformations and excellent larval survival. Sediment analyses using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed high concentrations of alkyl‐substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to unsubstituted PAHs in natural oil sands (220–360 μg/g) and oil‐mining wastewater pond sediments (1,300 μg/g). The ELS sediment toxicity tests are rapid and sensitive bioassays that are useful in the assessment of petroleum toxicity to aquatic organisms.Keywords
This publication has 28 references indexed in Scilit:
- CYP1A INDUCTION AND BLUE SAC DISEASE IN EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF RAINBOW TROUT(ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)EXPOSED TO RETENEJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2003
- High frequency of K-ras mutations in pink salmon embryos experimentally exposed toExxon valdezoilEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1999
- Comparison of the Ames Salmonella Assay and Mutatox Genotoxicity Assay for Assessing the Mutagenicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Porewater from Athabasca Oil Sands Mature Fine TailingsEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1999
- Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil: Part I. Low‐level exposure during incubation causes malformations, genetic damage, and mortality in larval pacific herring (Clupea pallasi)Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1999
- Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil: Part II. Increased mortality of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryos incubating downstream from weathered Exxon valdez crude oilEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1999
- Histopathology and cytogenetic evaluation of Pacific herring larvae exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons in the laboratory or in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez oil spillCanadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1997
- Ascites, premature emergence, increased gonadal cell apoptosis, and cytochrome P4501A induction in pink salmon larvae continuously exposed to oil-contaminated gravel during developmentCanadian Journal of Zoology, 1997
- Photoinduced toxicity of anthracene to juvenile bluegill sunfish (Lepomis Macrochirus Rafinesque): Photoperiod effects and predictive hazard evaluationEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1986
- Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on early life stages of rainbow trout (Salmo Gairdneri, Richardson)Toxicology, 1981
- Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on length of incubation and hatching success in the Japanese MedakaBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1979