Patient-to-Patient Variability in Autologous Pericardial Matrix Scaffolds for Cardiac Repair

Abstract

The pursuit of alternate therapies for end-stage heart failure post-myocardial infarction has led to the development of a variety of in situ gelling materials to be used as cellular or acellular scaffolds for cardiac repair. Previously, a protocol was established to decellularize human and porcine pericardia and process the extracellular matrix (ECM) into an injectable form. The resulting gels were found to retain components of the native extracellular matrix; cell infiltration was facilitated in vivo, and neovascularization was observed by 2 weeks. However, the assertion that an injectable form of human pericardial tissue could be a potentially autologous scaffold for myocardial tissue engineering requires assessment of the patient-to-patient variability. With this work, seven human pericardia from a relevant patient demographic are processed into injectable matrix materials that gel when brought to physiologic conditions. The resulting materials are compared with respect to their protein composition, glycosaminoglycan content, in vitro degradation, in vivo gelation, and microstructure. It is observed that a diminished collagen content in a subset of samples prevents in vitro gelation but not in vivo gelation at lower ECM concentrations. The structure is similarly fibrous and porous across all samples, implying the cell infiltration may be similarly facilitated. The biochemical composition as characterized by tandem mass spectrometry is comparable; basic ECM components are conserved across all samples, and the presence of a wide variety of ECM proteins and glycoproteins demonstrate the retention of biochemical complexity post-processing. It is concluded that the variability within human pericardial tissue specimens does not prevent them from being processed into injectable scaffolds; therefore, pericardial tissue offers a promising source as an autologous, injectable biomaterial scaffold.