Energy‐Level Modulation of Small‐Molecule Electron Acceptors to Achieve over 12% Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells

Abstract
Fine energy-level modulations of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are realized via subtle chemical modifications on strong electron-withdrawing end-groups. The two new SMAs (IT-M and IT-DM) end-capped by methyl-modified dicycanovinylindan-1-one exhibit upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, and hence higher open-circuit voltages can be observed in the corresponding devices. Finally, a top power conversion efficiency of 12.05% is achieved.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (91333204, 21325419)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB12030200)
  • Office of Naval Research (N00141512322)