Evidence for proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: a latent profile analysis
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 15 May 2013
- journal article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Vol. 4 (1)
- https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20706
Abstract
The WHO International Classification of Diseases, 11th version (ICD-11), has proposed two related diagnoses, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD within the spectrum of trauma and stress-related disorders. To use latent profile analysis (LPA) to determine whether there are classes of individuals that are distinguishable according to the PTSD and complex PTSD symptom profiles and to identify potential differences in the type of stressor and severity of impairment associated with each profile. An LPA and related analyses were conducted on 302 individuals who had sought treatment for interpersonal traumas ranging from chronic trauma (e.g., childhood abuse) to single-incident events (e.g., exposure to 9/11 attacks). The LPA revealed three classes of individuals: (1) a complex PTSD class defined by elevated PTSD symptoms as well as disturbances in three domains of self-organization: affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and interpersonal problems; (2) a PTSD class defined by elevated PTSD symptoms but low scores on the three self-organization symptom domains; and (3) a low symptom class defined by low scores on all symptoms and problems. Chronic trauma was more strongly predictive of complex PTSD than PTSD and, conversely, single-event trauma was more strongly predictive of PTSD. In addition, complex PTSD was associated with greater impairment than PTSD. The LPA analysis was completed both with and without individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) yielding identical results, suggesting the stability of these classes regardless of BPD comorbidity. Preliminary data support the proposed ICD-11 distinction between PTSD and complex PTSD and support the value of testing the clinical utility of this distinction in field trials. Replication of results is necessary.Keywords
This publication has 16 references indexed in Scilit:
- Proposals for mental disorders specifically associated with stress in the International Classification of Diseases-11The Lancet, 2013
- A critical evaluation of the complex PTSD literature: Implications for DSM‐5Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2012
- Treatment of complex PTSD: Results of the ISTSS expert clinician survey on best practicesJournal of Traumatic Stress, 2011
- Testing a DSM‐5 reformulation of posttraumatic stress disorder: Impact on prevalence and comorbidity among treatment‐seeking civilian trauma survivorsJournal of Traumatic Stress, 2011
- Developmental trauma, complex PTSD, and the current proposal of DSM-5European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2011
- Toward ICD-11: Improving the clinical utility of WHO's International Classification of mental disorders.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 2010
- Reformulating PTSD forDSM‐V: Life after Criterion AJournal of Traumatic Stress, 2009
- Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-VJournal of Anxiety Disorders, 2007
- Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation StudyStructural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2007
- Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to traumaJournal of Traumatic Stress, 2005