Modern tattoos cause high concentrations of hazardous pigments in skin
- 18 March 2008
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Contact Dermatitis
- Vol. 58 (4), 228-233
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01301.x
Abstract
Background: Modern tattoo colourants frequently consist of azo pigments that not only contain multiple impurities but also are originally produced for car paint and the dyeing of consumer goods. Objective: In order to be able to assess the health risk of tattoos, it is important to determine the pigment concentration in human skin. Methods: We tattooed excised pigskin and human skin with a common tattoo pigment (Pigment Red 22) under various conditions. After tattooing, we quantitatively extracted the pigment in order to determine the pigment concentration in skin. Results: The concentration of pigments ranged from about 0.60 to 9.42 mg/cm2 of tattooed skin (mean value 2.53 mg/cm2) depending upon the size of the pigment crystals, the pigment concentration applied to the skin surface, and the respective procedure of tattooing. Conclusion: In conclusion, high concentrations of colourants are injected into the skin during tattooing and based upon this quantification, a risk assessment of tattooing ought to be carried out.Keywords
This publication has 27 references indexed in Scilit:
- Granulomatous tattoo reaction in a patient treated with etanerceptJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2007
- Cutaneous pseudolymphoma arising after tattoo placementJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2007
- Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen auf TätowierungspigmenteJDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2007
- Treatment modalities for allergic reactions in pigmented tattoosJDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2007
- Sarcoid granuloma on black tattooJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2006
- Prävalenz, Soziodemografie, mentale Gesundheit und Geschlechtsunterschiede bei Piercing und TattooPPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie, 2006
- Tattoos and body piercings in the United States: A national data setJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2006
- Malignant melanoma in a tattoo: case report and review of the literatureMelanoma Research, 2006
- FallberichteJDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2004
- BEHAVIORAL AND SELF-CONCEPT DIFFERENCES IN TATTOOED AND NONTATTOOED COLLEGE STUDENTSPsychological Reports, 2000