Perfluorinated Compounds in Tap Water from China and Several Other Countries
- 29 May 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Environmental Science & Technology
- Vol. 43 (13), 4824-4829
- https://doi.org/10.1021/es900637a
Abstract
The recent development of a sensitive and accurate analytical method for the analysis of 20 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including several short-chain PFCs, has enabled their quantification in tap water collected in China, Japan, India, the United States, and Canada between 2006 and 2008. Of the PFCs measured, PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, PFPrS, PFEtS, PFOSA, N-EtFOSAA, PFDoDA, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, PFHpA, PFHxA, PFPeA, PFBA, and PFPrA were found at detectable concentrations in the tap water samples. The water samples from Shanghai (China) contained the greatest concentrations of total PFCs (arithmetic mean = 130 ng/L), whereas those from Toyama (Japan) contained only 0.62 ng/L. In addition to PFOS and PFOA, short-chain PFCs such as PFHxS, PFBS, PFHxA, and PFBA were found to be prevalent in drinking water. According to the health-based values (HBVs) and advisory guidelines derived for PFOS, PFOA, PFBA, PFHxS, PFBS, PFHxA, and PFPeA by the U.S.EPA and the Minnesota Department of Health, tap water may not pose an immediate health risk to consumers.Keywords
This publication has 30 references indexed in Scilit:
- Perfluorinated Compounds and Total and Extractable Organic Fluorine in Human Blood Samples from ChinaEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2008
- Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of ChinaChemosphere, 2007
- Perfluorinated Contaminants in Sediments and Aquatic Organisms Collected from Shallow Water and Tidal Flat Areas of the Ariake Sea, Japan: Environmental Fate of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Aquatic EcosystemsEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2006
- Health Risks in Infants Associated with Exposure to Perfluorinated Compounds in Human Breast Milk from Zhoushan, ChinaEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2006
- Perfluorinated Sulfonamides in Indoor and Outdoor Air and Indoor Dust: Occurrence, Partitioning, and Human ExposureEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2005
- Quantitative Determination of Perfluorochemicals in Sediments and Domestic SludgeEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2005
- Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Related Fluorochemicals in Human Blood from Several CountriesEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2004
- Perfluorinated Compounds in Coastal Waters of Hong Kong, South China, and KoreaEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2004
- A Survey of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Related Perfluorinated Organic Compounds in Water, Fish, Birds, and Humans from JapanEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2003
- Global Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in WildlifeEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2001