Emerging anti-HIV drugs
- 10 May 2005
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Emerging Drugs
- Vol. 10 (2), 241-274
- https://doi.org/10.1517/14728214.10.2.241
Abstract
There are now exactly 20 anti-HIV drugs licenced (approved) for clinical use, and > 30 anti-HIV compounds under (pre)clinical development. The licenced anti-HIV drugs fall into five categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir and emtricitabine); nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate); non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz); protease inhibitors (PIs: saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, atazanavir and fosamprenavir); and fusion inhibitors (FIs: enfuvirtide). The compounds that are currently under clinical (Phase I, II or III) or preclinical investigation are either targeted at the same specific viral proteins as the licenced compounds (i.e., reverse transcriptase [NRTIs: PSI-5004, (-)-dOTC, DPC-817, elvucitabine, alovudine, MIV-210, amdoxovir, DOT; NNRTIs: thiocarboxanilide, UC-781, capravirine, dapivirine, etravirine, rilpivirine], protease [PIs: tipranavir, TMC-114]) or other specific viral proteins (i.e., gp120: cyanovirin N; attachment inhibitors: AIs, such as BMS-488043; integrase: L-870,812, PDPV-165; capsid proteins: PA-457, α-HCG); or cellular proteins (CD4 downmodulators: CADAs; CXCR4 antagonists: AMD-070, CS-3955; CCR5 antagonists: TAK-220, SCH-D, AK-602, UK-427857). Combination therapy is likely to remain the gold standard for the treatment of AIDS so as to maximise potency, minimise toxicity and diminish the risk for resistance development. Ideally, pill burden should be reduced to once-daily dosing so as to optimise the patient’s compliance and reduce the treatment costs.Keywords
This publication has 75 references indexed in Scilit:
- Glycine-Amide Is an Active Metabolite of the Antiretroviral Tripeptide Glycyl-Prolyl-Glycine-AmideAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2005
- A Series of Diaryltriazines and Diarylpyrimidines Are Highly Potent Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Possible Applications as MicrobicidesAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2004
- Profile of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Mannose-Specific Plant LectinsJournal of Virology, 2004
- Treatment for Adult HIV InfectionJAMA, 2004
- Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir DF vs Stavudine in Combination Therapy in Antiretroviral-Naive PatientsA 3-Year Randomized TrialPublished by American Medical Association (AMA) ,2004
- HIV resistance to the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide: mechanisms and clinical implicationsDrug Resistance Updates, 2004
- Evaluation of an early intervention Tier 2 child and adolescent mental health serviceHealth & Social Care in the Community, 2004
- Antiviral Activity of 2′-Deoxy-3′-Oxa-4′-Thiocytidine (BCH-10652) against Lamivudine-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in SCID-hu Thy/Liv MiceAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000
- Both 2′,3′-dideoxythymidine and its 2′,3′-unsaturated derivative (2′,3′-dideoxythymidinene) are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitroBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1987
- Potent and selective anti-HTLV-IIILAV activity of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidinene, the 2′,3′-unsaturated derivative of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidineBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1986