Blue upconversion fluorozirconate fibre laser

Abstract
Upconversion lasing is obtained at 455 and 480 nm in a Tm3+-doped fluorozirconate fibre co-pumped at 676.4 and 647.1 nm. Lasing at 1.51 μm by two-photon absorption is also observed. Pumping schemes and dynamics of the lasing transitions are clarified.