Stress and mTORture signaling
- 16 October 2006
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Oncogene
- Vol. 25 (48), 6373-6383
- https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209889
Abstract
The TOR (target of rapamycin) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling module regulating cell growth (accumulation of mass) in response to a variety of environmental cues such as nutrient availability, hypoxia, DNA damage and osmotic stress. Its pivotal role in cellular and organismal homeostasis is reflected in the fact that unrestrained signaling activity in mammals is associated with the occurrence of disease states including inflammation, cancer and diabetes. The existence of TOR homologs in unicellular organisms whose growth is affected by environmental factors, such as temperature, nutrients and osmolarity, suggests an ancient role for the TOR signaling network in the surveillance of stress conditions. Here, we will summarize recent advances in the TOR signaling field with special emphasis on how stress conditions impinge on insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling/TOR signaling.Keywords
This publication has 99 references indexed in Scilit:
- Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancerChemico-Biological Interactions, 2006
- Hypoxia-inducible factor determines sensitivity to inhibitors of mTOR in kidney cancerNature Medicine, 2005
- Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the actin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitiveNature, 2004
- Influence of TOR kinase on lifespan in C. elegansNature, 2003
- A Nutrient Sensor Mechanism Controls Drosophila GrowthCell, 2003
- Rheb is an essential regulator of S6K in controlling cell growth in DrosophilaNature, 2003
- Nutrient-Dependent Expression of Insulin-like Peptides from Neuroendocrine Cells in the CNS Contributes to Growth Regulation in DrosophilaCurrent Biology, 2002
- mTOR Interacts with Raptor to Form a Nutrient-Sensitive Complex that Signals to the Cell Growth MachineryCell, 2002
- Hypoxia — a key regulatory factor in tumour growthNature Reviews Cancer, 2002
- A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild typeNature, 1993