Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Irreversible Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Inhibitors. 3. Structure−Activity Studies of Ketomethylene-Containing Peptidomimetics

Abstract

The structure-based design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of various ketomethylene-containing human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease (3CP) inhibitors are described. These compounds are comprised of a peptidomimetic binding determinant and an ethyl propenoate Michael acceptor moiety which forms an irreversible covalent adduct with the active site cysteine residue of the 3C enzyme. The ketomethylene-containing inhibitors typically display slightly reduced 3CP inhibition activity relative to the corresponding peptide-derived molecules, but they also exhibit significantly improved antiviral properties. Optimization of the ketomethylene-containing compounds is shown to provide several highly active 3C protease inhibitors which function as potent antirhinoviral agents (EC₉₀ = <1 μM) against multiple virus serotypes in cell culture.