Th9 and allergic disease
Open Access
- 6 July 2009
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Immunology
- Vol. 127 (4), 450-458
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03114.x
Abstract
Helper CD4(+) T-cell subsets have improved our understanding of adaptive immunity in humans and in animal models of disease. These include T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and the interleukin-17 (IL-17) -producing population 'Th17'. Th2 cells have been described as orchestrating the immune response in allergic disease based on studies with patient samples and animal models. The cytokine IL-9 has largely been regarded as a Th2 cytokine that makes multifocal contributions to allergic disease. Recent data suggest that under certain conditions relevant to chronic disease (IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta), a distinct population of IL-9-producing 'Th9' helper T cells can exist. The contribution of Th9 cells in allergic disease is currently unknown, and this review will propose a model for how these cells may regulate chronic allergic inflammation.Keywords
This publication has 91 references indexed in Scilit:
- Heterogeneity of natural Foxp3 + T cells: A committed regulatory T-cell lineage and an uncommitted minor population retaining plasticityProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- CD4+ cells are required for chronic eosinophilic lung inflammation but not airway remodelingAmerican Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2009
- Global Mapping of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 Reveals Specificity and Plasticity in Lineage Fate Determination of Differentiating CD4+ T CellsImmunity, 2009
- Mucus hypersecretion in asthma: causes and effectsCurrent Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 2009
- IL-4 inhibits TGF-β-induced Foxp3+ T cells and, together with TGF-β, generates IL-9+ IL-10+ Foxp3− effector T cellsNature Immunology, 2008
- Molecular Antagonism and Plasticity of Regulatory and Inflammatory T Cell ProgramsImmunity, 2008
- IL-9– and mast cell–mediated intestinal permeability predisposes to oral antigen hypersensitivityThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2008
- Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulation in the control of Th17 differentiationSeminars in Immunology, 2007
- Interleukin-9 Induces Goblet Cell Hyperplasia during Repair of Human Airway EpitheliaAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 2003
- Disruption of the murine IL-4 gene blocks Th2 cytokine responsesNature, 1993