Abstract
Primary characteristics of martensitic transformation and their relation to the one-way memory effect and the influence of the stresses are first reviewed. Afterwards, the various training processes are described and analysed from a phenomenological point of view. The physical origin of the two-way memory effect (TWME) is then discussed: it is shown that the structural defects, such as oriented dislocations created during training, are probably responsible for the TWME. The possible mechanisms for the role played by these defects are also reviewed and discussed.