The risk factors for malignancy in surgically treated patients for Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma
- 31 December 2008
- journal article
- Published by Elsevier BV in Surgery
- Vol. 144 (6), 1028-1037
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2008.08.022
Abstract
Background The impact of age, gender, and coexisting cold nodules on the frequency of thyroid carcinoma in hyperthyroid patients in an endemic iodine-deficient region was investigated. Methods The medical records of 817 patients who underwent operations for Graves' disease (GD) (n= 342), toxic multinodular goiter (TMG) (n = 299), and toxic adenoma (TA) (n = 176) between January 1988 and April 2006 were reviewed. Results Cold nodules were found in 293 (36%) of the patients, and 524 (64%) patients had no cold nodules. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was 6.5% (53/817).The frequency of carcinoma was 3.8% in GD, 6.4% in TMG, and 12% in TA. The frequency of carcinoma in older patients (≥50 years) was significantly higher than in younger patients (10.2% vs 4.3%, P = .001). The presence of cold nodules significantly increased the frequency of carcinoma (13% vs 2.9%, P = .001). A tumor was discovered within a cold nodule in 45% of the patients with thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion Cold nodules are frequent in hyperthyroid patients in endemic iodine-deficient regions. Older patients (≥50 years) and cold nodules are significant risk factors for malignancy in patients with hyperthyroidism. Surgical treatment may be suitable for those particular patients if malignancy can not be excluded.Keywords
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