Lifestyle Counseling and Supplementation with Flaxseed or Walnuts Influence the Management of Metabolic Syndrome
- 1 November 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Elsevier BV in Journal of Nutrition
- Vol. 140 (11), 1937-1942
- https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.126300
Abstract
A healthy lifestyle may ameliorate metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, it remains unclear if incorporating nuts or seeds into lifestyle counseling (LC) has additional benefit. A 3-arm, randomized, controlled trial was conducted among 283 participants screened for MetS using the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans. Participants were assigned to a LC on the AHA guidelines, LC + flaxseed (30 g/d) (LCF), or LC + walnuts (30 g/d) (LCW) group. After the 12-wk intervention, the prevalence of MetS decreased significantly in all groups: −16.9% (LC), −20.2% (LCF), and −16.0% (LCW). The reversion rate of MetS, i.e. those no longer meeting the MetS criteria at 12 wk, was not significantly different among groups (LC group, 21.1%; LCF group, 26.6%; and LCW group, 25.5%). However, the reversion rate of central obesity was higher in the LCF (19.2%; P = 0.008) and LCW (16.0%; P = 0.04) groups than in the LC group (6.3%). Most of the metabolic variables (weight, waist circumference, serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein (Apo) B, ApoE, and blood pressure) were significantly reduced from baseline in all 3 groups. However, the severity of MetS, presented as the mean count of MetS components, was significantly reduced in the LCW group compared with the LC group among participants with confirmed MetS at baseline (P = 0.045). Our results suggest that a low-intensity lifestyle education program is effective in MetS management. Flaxseed and walnut supplementation may ameliorate central obesity. Further studies with larger sample sizes and of longer duration are needed to examine the role of these foods in the prevention and management of MetS.Keywords
This publication has 26 references indexed in Scilit:
- Meta-analysis of the effects of flaxseed interventions on blood lipidsThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009
- Metabolic syndrome, diabetes and atherosclerosis: Influence of gene–environment interactionMutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research, 2009
- Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis and systematic reviewThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009
- Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Nuts on Metabolic Syndrome StatusJAMA Internal Medicine, 2008
- Dietary Intake and the Development of the Metabolic SyndromeCirculation, 2008
- Effects of a Flaxseed-Derived Lignan Supplement in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross-Over TrialPLOS ONE, 2007
- Comparison of anthropometric, metabolic and dietary fatty acids profiles in lean and obese dyslipidaemic Asian Indian male subjectsEuropean Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006
- Effects of a weight maintenance program with or without exercise on the metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial in obese menPreventive Medicine, 2005
- Comparison of conventional and fast gas chromatography in human plasma fatty acid determinationJournal of Chromatography B, 2004
- Effect of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction and Markers of Vascular Inflammation in the Metabolic SyndromeJAMA, 2004