Human models of innate immunity: local and systemic inflammatory responses
- 1 October 2001
- journal article
- other
- Published by SAGE Publications in Innate Immunity
- Vol. 7 (5), 385-388
- https://doi.org/10.1177/09680519010070050701
Abstract
We review human studies where different body sites ( e.g. systemic — intravenous and local — skin or lung) are exposed to small amounts of bacterial components as a means to study innate immunity in vivo. Intravenous endotoxin administration is widely used to assess systemic inflammatory responses, and these have many similarities to those seen in early sepsis. While blood levels of cytokines, activated inflammatory cells, and stress hormones rise acutely, the alveolar space remains relatively protected from these inflammatory responses. Skin blister windows provide a means to study local neutrophil exudation without systemic inflammatory responses, and has been used to characterize defects in neutrophil transmigration. Recently, skin blister windows have been adapted to study phagocytic cell function in response to bacterial antigens in patients with cirrhosis. Inhalation of endotoxin leads to pulmonary inflammation with increases in broncho-alveolar lavage neutrophils and cytokines and mild systemic responses. Whole lung exposure to endotoxin provides a means to study the pathogenesis of occupational lung disease. These three models are important methods to study innate immune responses and their regulatory mechanisms in normal and diseased states.Keywords
This publication has 15 references indexed in Scilit:
- Innate ImmunityThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2000
- In Vivo Neutrophil Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Patients with Advanced Liver DiseaseThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000
- Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone levels during experimental endotoxemia and anti-inflammatory therapy in humansCritical Care Medicine, 2000
- Dose‐Related Inflammatory Effects of Intravenous Endotoxin in Humans: Evaluation of a New Clinical Lot ofEscherichia coliO:113 EndotoxinThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999
- Rapid lung cytokine accumulation and neutrophil recruitment after lipopolysaccharide inhalation by cigarette smokers and nonsmokersJournal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 1997
- The kinetics of grain dust-induced inflammation of the lower respiratory tract.American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1997
- Grain Dust and Endotoxin Inhalation Challenges Produce Similar Inflammatory Responses in Normal SubjectsSocial psychiatry. Sozialpsychiatrie. Psychiatrie sociale, 1996
- Grain dust-induced airflow obstruction and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract.American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1994
- Dynamics of the cellular and humoral components of the inflammatory response elicited in skin blisters in humans.JCI Insight, 1992
- Pulmonary Function and Symptoms after Inhalation of EndotoxinAmerican Review of Respiratory Disease, 1989