Galectins and Immune Responses—Just How Do They Do Those Things They Do?
- 20 May 2016
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Annual Reviews in Annual Review of Immunology
- Vol. 34 (1), 243-264
- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055402
Abstract
Galectins are a family of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins expressed by many cell types. Galectins can function intracellularly and can also be secreted to bind to cell surface glycoconjugate counterreceptors. Some galectins are made by immune cells, whereas other galectins are secreted by different cell types, such as endothelial or epithelial cells, and bind to immune cells to regulate immune responses. Galectin binding to a single glycan ligand is a low-affinity interaction, but the multivalency of galectins and the glycan ligands presented on cell surface glycoproteins results in high-avidity binding that can reversibly scaffold or cluster these glycoproteins. Galectin binding to a specific glycoprotein counterreceptor is regulated in part by the repertoire of glycosyltransferase enzymes (which make the glycan ligands) expressed by that cell, and the effect of galectin binding results from clustering or retention of specific glycoprotein counterreceptors bearing these specific ligands.Keywords
This publication has 103 references indexed in Scilit:
- Ablation of a galectin preferentially expressed in adipocytes increases lipolysis, reduces adiposity, and improves insulin sensitivity in miceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011
- Galectins as Pattern Recognition Receptors: Structure, Function, and EvolutionAdvances in experimental medicine and biology, 2011
- When Galectins Recognize Glycans: From Biochemistry to Physiology and Back AgainBiochemistry, 2011
- Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomerase regulates the redox environment to enhance T-cell migration and HIV entryProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011
- The Road Less Traveled: Regulation of Leukocyte Migration Across Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelium by GalectinsJournal of Clinical Immunology, 2010
- Galectin-9 trafficking regulates apical-basal polarity in Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cellsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010
- Galectin-3 negatively regulates TCR-mediated CD4+T-cell activation at the immunological synapseProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- Mechanisms of interleukin-1β releaseImmunobiology, 2009
- Galectin–glycan lattices regulate cell-surface glycoprotein organization and signallingBiochemical Society Transactions, 2008
- Functions of cell surface galectin-glycoprotein latticesCurrent Opinion in Structural Biology, 2007