Inhibitors of clathrin-dependent endocytosis enhance TGFβ signaling and responses
Open Access
- 1 June 2009
- journal article
- Published by The Company of Biologists in Journal of Cell Science
- Vol. 122 (11), 1863-1871
- https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.038729
Abstract
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is believed to be involved in TGFβ-stimulated cellular responses, but the subcellular locus at which TGFβ induces signaling remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibitors of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which are known to arrest the progression of endocytosis at coated-pit stages, inhibit internalization of cell-surface-bound TGFβ and promote colocalization and accumulation of TβR-I and SARA at the plasma membrane. These inhibitors enhance TGFβ-induced signaling and cellular responses (Smad2 phosphorylation/nuclear localization and expression of PAI-1). Dynasore, a newly identified inhibitor of dynamin GTPase activity, is one of the most potent inhibitors among those tested and, furthermore, is a potent enhancer of TGFβ. Dynasore ameliorates atherosclerosis in the aortic endothelium of hypercholesterolemic ApoE-null mice by counteracting the suppressed TGFβ responsiveness caused by the hypercholesterolemia, presumably acting through its effect on TGFβ endocytosis and signaling in vascular cells.Keywords
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