Abstract
L’arganeraie est un écosystème d’une grande importance écologique, culturelle et économique. Son modèle socio-économique est resté traditionnel, organisé d’une part autour d’une structure socio-juridique particulière et qui fonctionne d’autre part sur la base de productions variées. L’huile d’argane est la production la plus notoire de l’arganeraie des Haha, mais la croissance démographique, combinée aux conditions naturelles difficiles et à une exploitation supérieure aux capacités de production, rend de plus en plus difficile l’application des règles traditionnelles de gestion durable. Cela implique des mutations socio-spatiales qui déstabilisent un système fragile. L’arganeraie des Haha ; célèbre confédération de tribus du Haut-Atlas occidental, en est l’exemple type. The Argan tree is an ecosystem of great ecological, cultural and economic importance. Its socio-economic model has remained traditional, organized on the one hand around a particular socio-legal structure and works on the other hand on the basis of various productions. Argan oil is the most well-known production of the region, but it is not the only one and this set provides the basis for the daily lives of the arganeraie population, the Berbers. These local populations have for so long put in place subtle management practices that have allowed a sustainable use of the argan tree which was sometimes the only recourse for the population survival. But the current population growth, together with the harsh natural conditions and with exploitation in excess of the production capacities, make it more and more difficult the application of the traditional rules of sustainable management ; henceforth operating profound changes both in space and in the society making the system equilibrium very fragile. The argan tree of Haha, famous tribe of the Western High Atlas, is a typical example.