Interaction of Cationic Nickel and Manganese Porphyrins with the Minor Groove of DNA

Abstract

The capacity of a series of new cationic nickel and manganese metalloporphyrins to bind in the minor groove of DNA was evaluated by binding competition experiments with manganese(III)-bis-aqua-meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin, Mn-TMPyP, a powerful artificial nuclease when associated with KHSO₅. The four N-methylpyridiniumyl substituents on this porphyrin macrocycle are responsible for a strong binding affinity for the minor groove of AT-rich DNA. The inhibition of DNA cleavage mediated by Mn-TMPyP/KHSO₅ by the various tested porphyrins correlated with their competitive occupancy of the minor groove site of Mn-TMPyP. Introduction of long and flexible cationic substituents at the periphery of the porphyrin macrocycle precluded the interaction of the porphyrin derivative in the minor groove and resulted in low affinity for DNA. On the other hand, introduction of phenylpyridiniumyl substituents on the porphyrin macrocycle surprisingly conferred the new porphyrin derivative with a tight binding in the minor groove of a six consecutive AT base pairs sequence. These data on structural requirements for minor groove DNA binding will help the rational design of porphyrin derivatives for selective targeting of quadruplex DNA versus double-stranded DNA.