Direct and Extended Friendship Effects on Minority and Majority Children’s Interethnic Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study
- 1 March 2009
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Child Development
- Vol. 80 (2), 377-390
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01266.x
Abstract
Longitudinal direct and extended cross-ethnic friendship effects on out-group evaluations among German (majority status, N = 76) and Turkish (minority status, N = 73) children (age 7–11 years) in ethnically heterogeneous elementary schools were examined at the beginning and end of the school year (time lag: 7 months). The results showed that among majority status children, but not minority status children, direct cross-ethnic friendship predicted over time positive out-group evaluations. This association was partly mediated by perceived social norms about cross-ethnic friendship relations. No longitudinal effects of extended cross-ethnic friendship were found. These results suggest that in ethnically heterogeneous contexts, direct friendship is more effective in changing intergroup attitudes than extended friendship and that social status moderates direct friendship effects.Keywords
This publication has 55 references indexed in Scilit:
- Relationships Between Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Among Minority and Majority Status GroupsPsychological Science, 2005
- European‐American children's intergroup attitudes about peer relationshipsBritish Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2005
- Effects of Direct and Indirect Cross-Group Friendships on Judgments of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The Mediating Role of an Anxiety-Reduction MechanismPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004
- Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternativesStructural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1999
- INTERGROUP CONTACT THEORYAnnual Review of Psychology, 1998
- Social Categorization and the Formation of Intergroup Attitudes in ChildrenChild Development, 1997
- School and Neighborhood Friendship Patterns of Blacks and Whites in Early AdolescenceChild Development, 1990
- Peer Interactions and Friendships in an Ethnically Diverse School SettingChild Development, 1990
- Students' Interracial Friendships: Individual Characteristics, Structural Effects, and Racial DifferencesAmerican Journal of Education, 1987
- The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986