Safety and Immunogenicity of Capsular Polysaccharide–Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccines for Group B Streptococcal Types Ia and Ib

Abstract

About 40% of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) isolates are capsular polysaccharide (CPS) types Ia or Ib. Because infant and maternal GBS infections may be preventable by maternal vaccination, individual GBS CPS have been coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) to prepare vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity. Immunogenicity in rabbits and protective capacity in mice of a series of type Ia- and Ib-TT conjugates increased with the degree of polysaccharide-to-protein cross-linking. In total, 190 healthy, nonpregnant women aged 18–40 years were randomized in four trials to receive Ia- or Ib-TT conjugate (dose range, 3.75–63 μg of CPS component), uncoupled Ia or Ib CPS, or saline. All vaccines were well-tolerated. CPS-specific IgG serum concentrations peaked 4–8 weeks after vaccination and were significantly higher in recipients of conjugated than of uncoupled CPS. Immune responses to the conjugates were dose-dependent and correlated in vitro with opsonophagocytosis. These results support inclusion of Ia- and Ib-TT conjugates when formulating a multivalent GBS vaccine.