Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Mycobacterium haemophilum Infections
- 1 October 2011
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Clinical Microbiology Reviews
- Vol. 24 (4), 701-717
- https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00020-11
Abstract
SUMMARY: Mycobacterium haemophilumis a slowly growing acid-fast bacillus (AFB) belonging to the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) frequently found in environmental habitats, which can colonize and occasionally infect humans and animals. Several findings suggest that water reservoirs are a likely source ofM. haemophiluminfections.M. haemophilumcauses mainly ulcerating skin infections and arthritis in persons who are severely immunocompromised. Disseminated and pulmonary infections occasionally occur. The second at-risk group is otherwise healthy children, who typically develop cervical and perihilar lymphadenitis. A full diagnostic regimen for the optimal detection ofM. haemophilumincludes acid-fast staining, culturing at two temperatures with iron-supplemented media, and molecular detection. The most preferable molecular assay is a real-time PCR targeting anM. haemophilum-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS), but another approach is the application of a generic PCR for a mycobacterium-specific fragment with subsequent sequencing to identifyM. haemophilum. No standard treatment guidelines are available, but published literature agrees that immunocompromised patients should be treated with multiple antibiotics, tailored to the disease presentation and underlying degree of immune suppression. The outcome ofM. haemophilumcervicofacial lymphadenitis in immunocompetent patients favors surgical intervention rather than antibiotic treatment.Keywords
This publication has 199 references indexed in Scilit:
- Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in a kidney transplant recipient after acupuncture treatmentTransplant Infectious Disease, 2011
- Mycobacterium haemophilum as a Novel Etiology of Cervical Lymphadenitis in an Otherwise Healthy Adult PatientJournal of Clinical Microbiology, 2010
- Microscopic Cords, a Virulence-Related Characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Are Also Present in Nonpathogenic MycobacteriaJournal of Bacteriology, 2010
- Chronic Cheek Lesions: An Unusual Manifestation of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Cevicofacial InfectionThe Journal of Pediatrics, 2009
- Schwerer Verlauf einer seltenen atypischen Mykobakteriose (M. haemophilum) an der Hand – Fallbericht und strategische AnmerkungenHandchirurgie · Mikrochirurgie · Plastische Chirurgie, 2008
- Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in iatrogenically immunocompromised patients without transplantationJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2008
- Mycobacterium haemophilum Epididymal Abscess in a Renal Transplant PatientJournal of Clinical Microbiology, 2008
- Use of PCR and Reverse Line Blot Hybridization Macroarray Based on 16S-23S rRNA Gene Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences for Rapid Identification of 34 Mycobacterium SpeciesJournal of Clinical Microbiology, 2006
- The Structural Basis of Macrolide–Ribosome Binding Assessed Using Mutagenesis of 23S rRNA Positions 2058 and 2059Journal of Molecular Biology, 2004
- Mycobacterium haemophilum cellulitis in a heart transplant recipientJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1994