Conserved left–right asymmetry of nodal expression and alterations in murine situs inversus
Open Access
- 1 May 1996
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature
- Vol. 381 (6578), 158-161
- https://doi.org/10.1038/381158a0
Abstract
Vertebrates have characteristic and conserved left-right (L-R) visceral asymmetries, for example the left-sided heart. In humans, alterations of L-R development can have serious clinical implications, including cardiac defects. Although little is known about how the embryonic L-R axis is established, a recent study in the chick embryo revealed L-R asymmetric expression of several previously cloned genes, including Cnr-1 (for chicken nodal-related-1), and indicated how this L-R molecular asymmetry might be important for subsequent visceral morphogenesis. Here we show that nodal is asymmetrically expressed in mice at similar stages, as is Xnr-1 (for Xenopus nodal related-1) in frogs. We also examine nodal expression in two mouse mutations that perturb L-R development, namely situs inversus viscerum (iv), in which assignment of L-R asymmetry is apparently random and individuals develop either normally or are mirror-image-reversed (situs inversus), and inversion of embryonic turning (inv), in which all individuals develop with situs inversus. In both, nodal expression is strikingly affected, being reversed or converted to symmetry. These results further support a key role for nodal and nodal-related genes in interpreting and relaying L-R patterning information in vertebrates. To our knowledge, our results provide the first direct evidence that iv and inv normally function well before the appearance of morphological L-R asymmetry.Keywords
This publication has 14 references indexed in Scilit:
- A molecular pathway determining left-right asymmetry in chick embryogenesisCell, 1995
- A nodal-related gene defines a physical and functional domain within the Spemann organizerCell, 1995
- A model for specification of the left-right axis in vertebratesTrends in Genetics, 1994
- Development of left/right symmetry and asymmetry, Kartagener's syndrome, and cerebral lateralityMedical Hypotheses, 1994
- Receptor Subtype and Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathway Associated with Situs Inversus Induced by α1 Adrenergic Stimulation in Rat EmbryosDevelopmental Biology, 1994
- Reversal of Left-Right Asymmetry: a Situs Inversus MutationScience, 1993
- Nodal is a novel TGF-β-like gene expressed in the mouse node during gastrulationNature, 1993
- Regulation of vertebrate left–right asymmetries by extracellular matrixNature, 1992
- Critical period of rat development when sidedness of asymmetric body structures is determinedTeratology, 1991
- Random determination of a developmental process: Reversal of normal visceral asymmetry in the mouseJournal of Heredity, 1976