Disturbed expression of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex and associated signaling molecules in CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferations

Abstract

Background CD30⁺ T-cell lymphoproliferations comprise a spectrum of clinically heterogeneous entities, including systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALK⁻ and ALK⁺) and primary cutaneous CD30⁺ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. While all these entities are characterized by proliferation of highly atypical, anaplastic CD30⁺ T cells, the expression of T-cell specific antigens in the tumor cells is not consistently detectable. Design and Methods We evaluated biopsies from 19 patients with primary cutaneous CD30⁺ lymphoproliferative disorders, 38 with ALK⁻ and 33 with ALK⁺ systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The biopsies were examined for the expression of T-cell receptorαβ/CD3 complex (CD3γ, δ, ɛ, ζ), transcription factors regulating T-cell receptor expression (ATF1, ATF2, TCF-1, TCF-1α/LEF-1, Ets1), and molecules of T-cell receptor-associated signaling cascades (Lck, ZAP-70, LAT, bcl-10, Carma1, NFATc1, c-Jun, c-Fos, Syk) using immunohistochemistry. Results In comparison to the pattern in 20 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, we detected a highly disturbed expression of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, TCF-1, TCF-1α/LEF-1, Lck, ZAP-70, LAT, NFATc1, c-Jun, c-Fos and Syk in most of the systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas. In addition, primary cutaneous CD30⁺ lymphoproliferative disorders showed such a similar expression pattern to that of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas, that none of the markers we investigated can reliably distinguish between these CD30⁺ T-cell lymphoproliferations. Conclusions Severely altered expression of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, T-cell receptor-associated transcription factors and signal transduction molecules is a common characteristic of systemic and cutaneous CD30⁺ lymphoproliferations, although the clinical behavior of these entities is very different. Since peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified retain the full expression program required for functioning T-cell receptor signaling, the differential expression of a subset of these markers might be of diagnostic utility in distinguishing peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified from the entire group of CD30⁺ lymphoproliferations.