Pyrazole Scaffold Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications in Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease Treatment (2011–2020)

Abstract

The remarkable prevalence of pyrazole scaffolds in a versatile array of bioactive molecules ranging from apixaban, an anticoagulant used to treat and prevent blood clots and stroke, to bixafen, a pyrazole-carboxamide fungicide used to control diseases of rapeseed and cereal plants, has encouraged both medicinal and organic chemists to explore new methods in developing pyrazole-containing compounds for different applications. Although numerous synthetic strategies have been developed in the last 10 years, there has not been a comprehensive overview of synthesis and the implication of recent advances for treating neurodegenerative disease. This review first presents the advances in pyrazole scaffold synthesis and their functionalization that have been published during the last decade (2011–2020). We then narrow the focus to the application of these strategies in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).