Dynamics of neutralizing antibody responses in acute-phase COVID-19: A potential relationship between disease progression and rapid neutralizing antibody response
Open Access
- 8 February 2021
- preprint content
- research article
- Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Abstract
Introduction Adaptive immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dynamics remain largely unknown. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are helpful for understanding the pathology. Patients and Methods Using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus, serum sample neutralization values in symptomatic COVID-19 patients were measured using the chemiluminescence reduction neutralization test (CRNT). At least two sequential serum samples collected during hospitalization were analyzed to assess NAbs neutralizing activity dynamics at different time points. Results Of the 11 patients, four (36.4%), six (54.5%), and one (9.1%) had moderate, severe, and critical disease, respectively. Fifty percent neutralization (N50%-CRNT) was observed upon admission in 90.9% (10/11); all patients acquired neutralizing activity 2–12 days after onset. In patients with moderate disease, neutralization was observed at earliest within two days after symptom onset. In patients with severe-to-critical disease, neutralization activity increased, plateauing 9–16 days after onset. Neutralization activity on admission was significantly higher in patients with moderate disease than in patients with severe-to-critical disease (relative % of infectivity, 6.4% vs. 41.1%; P=.0011). Conclusions Neutralization activity on admission inversely correlated with disease severity. The rapid NAb response may play a crucial role in preventing the progression of COVID-19.This publication has 11 references indexed in Scilit:
- A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severityCellular & Molecular Immunology, 2021
- SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patients with varying severity of acute COVID-19 illnessScientific Reports, 2021
- COVID-19-neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survivalCell, 2021
- IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2Science Translational Medicine, 2021
- Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a vesicular stomatitis virus possessing SARS-CoV-2 spike proteinVirology Journal, 2021
- SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia with higher nasopharyngeal viral load is strongly associated with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ,2020
- Disease severity dictates SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2020
- Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19Nature Medicine, 2020
- Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA response in COVID-19 patientsEuropean Respiratory Journal, 2020
- A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humansNature Medicine, 2020