Comprehensive Model for Physical and Cognitive Frailty: Current Organization and Unmet Needs
Open Access
- 26 November 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Psychology
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the decline and deterioration of functional cells and results in a wide variety of molecular damages and reduced physical and mental capacity. The knowledge on aging process is important because life expectancy is expected to rise until 2050. Aging cannot be considered a homogeneous process and includes different trajectories characterized by states of fitness, frailty, and disability. Frailty is a dynamic condition put between a normal functional state and disability, with reduced capacity to cope with stressors. This geriatric syndrome affects physical, neuropsychological, and social domains and is driven by emotional and spiritual components. Sarcopenia is considered one of the determinants and the biological substrates of physical frailty. Physical and cognitive frailty are separately approached during daily clinical practice. The concept of motoric cognitive syndrome has partially changed this scenario, opening interesting windows toward future approaches. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to provide an excursus on current clinical practice, enforced by aneddoctical cases. The analysis of the current state of the art seems to support the urgent need of comprehensive organizational model incorporating physical and cognitive spheres in the same umbrella.This publication has 95 references indexed in Scilit:
- Early detection of memory impairment in people over 65 years old consulting at Health Examination Centers for the French health insurance: the EVATEM protocolBMC Geriatrics, 2013
- A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesisNature, 2012
- IL-6-independent association of elevated serum neopterin levels with prevalent frailty in community-dwelling older adultsAge and Ageing, 2011
- The Frailty Syndrome: Definition and Natural HistoryClinics in Geriatric Medicine, 2011
- Executive Control Deficits as a Prodrome to Falls in Healthy Older Adults: A Prospective Study Linking Thinking, Walking, and FallingThe Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2010
- Toward a conceptual definition of frail community dwelling older peopleNursing Outlook, 2010
- Ageing populations: the challenges aheadThe Lancet, 2009
- Neuronal release of proBDNFNature Neuroscience, 2009
- Association of Low Vitamin D Levels With the Frailty Syndrome in Men and WomenThe Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2009
- Epidemiology of AgingRadiologic Clinics of North America, 2008