Identification of a novel immune prognostic model in gastric cancer
- 1 April 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Clinical and Translational Oncology
- Vol. 23 (4), 846-855
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02478-5
Abstract
Purpose The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is now considered as an important factor during gastric cancer (GC) development. This study identified a novel immune-related risk model for predicting prognosis and assessing the immune status of GC patients. Methods Transcriptomic data were obtained from the TCGA database. The differential expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) were identified through the ImmPort portal. Enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of these IRGs. By the Cox regression analysis, we constructed the immune prognostic model. Then, the association between the model and the immune microenvironment was estimated. The model was validated in the GSE84433 dataset. Results Totally, we identified 222 differentially expressed IRGs. These IRGs were closely correlated with immune response and immune signaling pathways. Through the Cox regression analysis, we developed the immune prognostic model based on the expression of seven IRGs (CXCL3, NOX4, PROC, FAM19A4, RNASE2, IGHD2-15, CGB5). Patients were stratified into two groups according to immune-related risk scores. Survival analysis indicated that the prognosis of high-risk patients was poorer than low-risk patients. Moreover, the immune-related risk score was an independent prognostic biomarker. More importantly, we found that the infiltration level of immunosuppressive cells and the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints were higher in high-risk patients. The immune microenvironment tended to be a suppressive status in patients with high-risk scores. Conclusion This study demonstrated that our model had predictive value for prognosis and the TIME in GC. It might be a robust tool to improve personalized patient management.Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971166)
This publication has 36 references indexed in Scilit:
- Increased tumor-infiltrating CD45RA−CCR7− regulatory T-cell subset with immunosuppressive properties foster gastric cancer progressCell Death & Disease, 2017
- Gastric adenocarcinomaNature Reviews Disease Primers, 2017
- Tumor-Associated Monocytes/Macrophages Impair NK-Cell Function via TGFβ1 in Human Gastric CancerCancer Immunology Research, 2017
- Tumor-associated macrophages of the M2 phenotype contribute to progression in gastric cancer with peritoneal disseminationGastric Cancer, 2015
- Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profilesNature Methods, 2015
- FAM19A4 is a novel cytokine ligand of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and is able to promote the migration and phagocytosis of macrophagesCellular & Molecular Immunology, 2014
- Treg functional stability and its responsiveness to the microenvironmentImmunological Reviews, 2014
- Peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric origin: A population‐based study on incidence, survival and risk factorsInternational Journal of Cancer, 2013
- Highlights of the EORTC St. Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of gastric, gastroesophageal and oesophageal cancer – Differential treatment strategies for subtypes of early gastroesophageal cancerEuropean Journal of Cancer, 2012
- Anti-TIM3 Antibody Promotes T Cell IFN-γ–Mediated Antitumor Immunity and Suppresses Established TumorsCancer Research, 2011