Modulating microRNAs in cancer: Next-generation therapies
Open Access
- 1 December 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by China Anti-cancer Association in Cancer Biology & Medicine
- Vol. 18 (2), 1
- https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0294
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed non-coding regulators of the genome with an ability to mediate avariety of biological and pathological processes. There is growing evidence demonstrating frequent dysregulation of microRNAs incancer cells, which is associated with tumor initiation, development, migration, invasion, resisting cell death, and drug resistance.Studies have shown that modulation of these small RNAs is a novel and promising therapeutic tool in the treatment of a varietyof diseases, especially cancer, due to their broad influence on multiple cellular processes. However, suboptimal delivery of theappropriate miRNA to the cancer sites, quick degradation by nucleases in the blood circulation, and off target effects have limitedtheir research and clinical applications. Therefore, there is a pressing need to improve the therapeutic efficacy of miRNA modulators,while at the same time reducing their toxicities. Several delivery vehicles for miRNA modulators have been shown to be effectivein vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will discuss the role and importance of miRNAs in cancer and provide perspectives on currentlyavailable carriers for miRNA modulation. We will also summarize the challenges and prospects for the clinical translation of miRNAbasedtherapeutic strategies.Keywords
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