Host Defence Cryptides from Human Apolipoproteins: Applications in Medicinal Chemistry
- 11 June 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. in Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
- Vol. 20 (14), 1324-1337
- https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200427091454
Abstract
Several eukaryotic proteins with defined physiological roles may act as precursors of cryptic bioactive peptides released upon protein cleavage by host and/or bacterial proteases. Based on this, the term “cryptome” has been used to define the unique portion of the proteome encompassing proteins with the ability to generate bioactive peptides (cryptides) and proteins (crypteins) upon proteolytic cleavage. Hence, the cryptome represents a source of peptides with potential pharmacological interest. Among eukaryotic precursor proteins, human apolipoproteins play an important role, since promising bioactive peptides have been identified and characterized from apolipoproteins E, B, and A-I protein sequences. Human apolipoproteins derived peptides have been shown to exhibit antibacterial, anti-biofilm, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, or anticancer activities in in vitro assays and, in some cases, also in in vivo experiments on animal models. The most interesting Host Defence Peptides (HDPs) identified thus far in human apolipoproteins are described here with a focus on their biological activities applicable to biomedicine. Altogether, reported evidence clearly indicates that cryptic peptides represent promising templates for the generation of new drugs and therapeutics against infectious diseases.Keywords
Funding Information
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (16/2017)
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