Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Gluten Protein Hydrolysates in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Open Access
- 3 June 2020
- Vol. 12 (6), 1673
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061673
Abstract
Peptides from several plant food proteins not only maintain the nutritional values of the original protein and decrease the environmental impact of animal agriculture, but also exert biological activities with significant health-beneficial effects. Wheat is the most important food grain source in the world. However, negative attention on wheat-based products has arose due to the role of gluten in celiac disease. A controlled enzymatic hydrolysis could reduce the antigenicity of wheat gluten protein hydrolysates (WGPHs). Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the in vitro administration of Alcalase-generated WGPHs on the immunological and antioxidant responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 39 healthy subjects. WGPH treatment reduced cell proliferation and the production of the Type 1 T helper (Th1) and Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively. WPGHs also improved the cellular anti-inflammatory microenvironment, increasing Th2/Th1 and Th2/Th17 balances. Additionally, WGPHs improved global antioxidant capacity, increased levels of the reduced form of glutathione and reduced nitric oxide production. These findings, not previously reported, highlight the beneficial capacity of these vegetable protein hydrolysates, which might represent an effective alternative in functional food generation.Funding Information
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD06/0013/0001, RD12/0043/0012)
- Universidad de Sevilla (VI PPIT-US)
This publication has 59 references indexed in Scilit:
- Role of Glutathione in Cancer Progression and ChemoresistanceOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2013
- Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors drive intestinal inflammation via activation of toll-like receptor 4The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2012
- Celiac disease: Prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatmentWorld Journal of Gastroenterology, 2012
- Coronary heart disease prevention: Nutrients, foods, and dietary patternsClinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 2011
- Regulation and Functions of the IL-10 Family of Cytokines in Inflammation and DiseaseAnnual Review of Immunology, 2011
- Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and DiseasePhysiological Reviews, 2007
- Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities of wheat germ protein hydrolysates (WGPH) prepared with alcalaseProcess Biochemistry, 2006
- Soymetide, an immunostimulating peptide derived from soybean β‐conglycinin, is an fMLP agonistFEBS Letters, 2003
- Nitric oxide and cell deathBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1999
- Oxygen-radical absorbance capacity assay for antioxidantsFree Radical Biology & Medicine, 1993