In the study, the electrochemical characteristics of carvedilol were determined by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry on carbon paste electrode with zinc oxide nanoparticles at pH 8.0 in Britton Robinson buffer. The adsorption characteristics of the molecule on the modified electrode and the electron number accompanying the electrode reaction were calculated. In addition, a new square wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry process was suggested for the determination of carvedilol drug samples. The linear concentration range and detection limit of the process were found to be 0.07 µM–2.61 µM and 0.09 µM, respectively. Recovery studies of CAR in the pharmaceutical sample were performed to check the accuracy of the developed process. With the developed process, results with high reliability, reproduceability, accuracy and precision were obtained for the determination of CAR in pharmaceutical samples.

In this study, theoretic analyses were executed on the optimized geometric structure of 3-(6-(3-aminophenyl)thiazolo[3,2-b][1.2.4]triazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (ATTC). The basis sets for these theoretical research were B3LYP/DGDZVP and B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). To determine the stability and molecular reactiveness of the molecule, energy range, the HOMO-LUMO energies, softhood (s), hardhood (η), electronic negativity (χ), and chemical potential (μ) characteristics were employed. The second array decay energy E(2) values of the molecule, which indicates the ATTC molecule’s the bioactivite, were determined with the native bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The ATTC molecule’s the reactive behavior is further studied using simulated the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface’s calculations. The overall electron intensity and mulliken atomic charge distribution found by MEP area research gave proof that the molecule's reactive area existed. The ATTC molecule will continue to be a crucial therapeutic agent to Alzheimer disease’s the treatment Alzheimer disease thanks to molecular docking study. The highest binding affinity was observed as a docking score of -10,681 Kcal/mol.

This study aims experimentally to investigate the performance parameters of R134a and the alternative R516A refrigerant in two evaporator ejector cooling system (DEES) at different air velocities of evaporator#1. Firstly, the tests were carried out with R134a refrigerant under steady-state conditions at different air velocities and then repeated with low GWP R516A refrigerant. As the tests were carried out with R134a, higher cooling capacity was achieved at different air velocity values. When the air velocity value was 1.1, 1.7, 2.2, and 2.7 m s-1, the COP value obtained from the tests with R134a was 1%, 2%, 5%, and 4% higher than R516A, respectively. Additionally, test results illustrate that the higher air velocity contributed to increasing performance parameters, however air velocity higher than 2.2 m s-1 had a slight effect. The study concluded that R516A performance values are slightly lower than R134a performance and can be alternatively used as a refrigerant in vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems.

In this study, the design, manufacture and thermal performance analysis of a Fresnel lens driven hot water/steam generator are presented. The designed system is suitable for domestic and industrial hot water/steam usage and can be easily scaled up to meet different capacity needs. In the first step of the research, thermal behaviour of the cast plate heat exchanger driven by a Fresnel lens with a concentration ratio of 100 is investigated at different working fluid velocities (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m/s) and at different absorber surface temperatures (700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C). Outlet temperature of working fluid from the cast plate heat exchanger is determined through a 3D CFD model for each case. The capacity of the steam generator for different operating times (h = 1, 2 and 3 hours) is also evaluated. The highest working fluid temperature at the outlet of heat exchanger is 914.8 °C for T_cp= 1000 °C and V_wf = 0.6 m/s. On the other hand, the lowest temperature is observed as 424.7 °C for T_cp = 700 °C and V_wf = 2.0 m/s. The steam capacity of the system for h = 3 hours is determined as 1696.5 and 508.9 kg in the best (V_wf = 2.0 m/s) and worst cases (V_wf = 0.6 m/s), respectively.

It is known that products made of polymer materials or especially polymer materials with glass fiber and carbon fiber are used in many different areas such as automotive, aerospace, and defense. At this point, studies in the literature have gained momentum due to the combination of fiber-reinforced polymer materials emerging as a result of technological developments and industrial demands, and the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method providing the production of parts in desired sizes and complexity. Residual stresses and distortions occurring in polymer-based composite parts produced with FDM are among the problems that should be minimized. In this study, the influences of fiber ratio (%10, %15, and %20), infill rate (%20, %50, and %80), and infill pattern (line, honeycomb, and triangle) on the residual stresses and warpages generating in impact test specimens produced from glass fiber reinforced ABS filaments by fused deposition modeling were tried to be determined with the Digimat 2021 program. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the distortion values decreased and the thermal residual stress values went up with the increase in fiber ratio and infill rate. In addition, it can be reported that the distortions that bring out as a result of the separation of the produced parts from the production platform are caused by the high deformations condensing at the lower corner points of the parts.

This research focuses on species distribution modelling (SDM) to have an idea of distribution of Anatolian spiny mouse, Acomys cilicicus in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the mid-Holocene and present by using coordinates along Silifke which is the only location the species found. Three ensembled species distribution models (generalized additive mod-els, maximum entropy and boosted regression trees) were used to project Anatolian spiny mouse environmental suitability. Results indicate that current distribution of A. cilicicus populations shifted east to west since during the Last Glacial Maximum and apparently eastern part of the Mediterranean region of Turkey is potential refugia for this species.

FliA is an important regulatory component for the synthesis of surface macromolecules which are involved in motility and biofilm development of Escherichia coli. In this study, the roles of FliA-dependent surface macromolecules in E. coli surface tension, surface heterogeneity and surface roughness, and initial biofilm development consisting of reversible and irreversible adhesion were investigated using E. coli MG1655 wild-type strain and fliA gene deleted mutant strain. Negative Gibbs free energy change values calculated using bacterial surface tensions obtained by a spectrophotometric method showed that both wild-type and mutant cells in water can reversibly adhere to the surface of the model solid, silicon nitride (Si3N4). The calculations further showed that bacterial reversible auto-adhesion and co-adhesion were also thermodynamically favorable. In comparison, the reversible adhesion and auto-adhesion capacities of wild-type cells were higher than the mutant cells. Direct measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thorough analysis of the recorded adhesion data showed that the irreversible adhesion strength of wild-type cells to Si3N4 in water was at least 2.0-fold greater than that of the mutants due to significantly higher surface heterogeneity resulting in higher surface roughness for the wild-type cells compared to those obtained for the mutants. These results suggest that strategies aimed at preventing E. coli biofilm development should also consider a combined method, such as modifying the surface of interest with a bacterial repellent layer and targeting the FliA and FliA-dependent surface macromolecules to reduce both reversible and irreversible bacterial adhesion and hence the initial biofilm development of E. coli.

CoNiAl based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) are used in various engineering fields, but still need to be improved for tribological applications. In the present study, dry sliding wear behavior of CoNiAlSiSb and CoNiAlSiIn FSMAs was investigated as they were articulated against an alumina abrasive ball using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The experiments were carried out at a load of 20 N, a sliding velocity of 20 mm/s and a sliding distance of 250 m. The worn surfaces were assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties of the CoNiAl based FSMAs were investigated using the nanoindentation technique. The results showed that as compared to CoNiAlSiSb, CoNiAlSiIn FSMA showed a 42% increase in the Young’s modulus and a 10% increase in the microhardness. The mean coefficient of friction (COF) of CoNiAlSiIn (0.56) was observed to be slightly lower than that of CoNiAlSiSb (0.58). The higher hardness and elastic modulus of CoNiAlSiIn than CoNiAlSiIn caused only a 7% increase in the wear resistance. The operative wear mechanisms were abrasion, adhesion and plastic deformation. In conclusion, even though the difference in the tribological performance of the two FSMA surfaces was fairly small, CoNiAlSiIn exhibited better results and thereby would be more preferable.

Mild steel is primarily used in reinforced concrete structures, because it has a low corrosion rate due to the formation of a passive oxide film in the alkaline environment. However, when exposed to acidic and atmospheric environments or aqueous environments containing dissolved salts such as sea water, the protective film deteriorates and corrosion occurs due to contamination caused by chloride and carbonation. It is possible to obtain corrosion inhibitors by extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. Thus, inexpensive and environmentally friendly new effective inhibitors are obtained as an alternative to environmentally harmful inhibitors. In this context, the subject of the study was determined as the investigation of the inhibition efficiency of the vanillin phenolic compound in the Çorum Oğuzlar walnut shell extract, which is a local product, on the corrosion of AISI 1010 mild steel in acidic, alkaline and salty environments. The walnut shells, which were cleaned, ground and pre-sieved with a certain grain size, were extracted in seven different solvents. In order to find the appropriate solvent, the total phenolic content (TPC) in the extracts was determined by both the Folin Ciocalteu method and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Tafel polarization methods were applied to determine the effect of the extract on the electrochemical behavior of AISI 1010 and its corrosion rate. LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of compounds containing p electrons, N and O heteroatoms responsible for the corrosion inhibition. The best inhibition effectiveness was obtained with 86.1% acetone-water mixture in acidic environment (0.2 M HCl).

Food security is a priority issue for sustainable global development. In rapid industrialization areas with high fallout of airborne particles, metal uptake by plants could strongly impact crop quality. In this study, concentrations of some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in flour samples supplied in Çorum, defined as one of the “New Industry Focus”, were investigated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine the heavy metal contamination. The results showed that the concentration of Pb in all samples examined exceeded the maximum permissible limit. To monitor the increase in Pb concentration and its relationship with air pollution, a two-year laboratory experiment was conducted. It was found that the increase in Pb concentration of about 47% and 77% for two flour samples was consistent with the increase in annual average PM10 concentrations (55% and 82%) obtained from two stations.