Traditional blacksmith workshops (Majdani) are one of the examples of businesses in Bosnia and Herzegovina that have existed in their authenticity for more than five centuries (Geographical coordinates: 44º10'09.01''N, 18º27'52.79''E, elevation: 797). It is a specific way of producing a wide range of wrought iron products using resources from the immediate environment. Iron production has been a strategic issue since the beginning of human civilizations, both for the individual and for all levels of the social communities to which he belonged. The exploitation of iron ore, as well as its processing, was always strictly supervised and controlled by the very top of a social community (emperor, king, political and military top of the state).

The Bobovica village is located on the northern slopes of the Visocica mountain (Geographic coordinates: 43º38'27.83''N, 18º13'47.60''E, elevation: 1306). It belongs to the municipality of Trnovo, and it is 17.6 km away from Trnovo by air. The main resources of the village are its geographical position on the slopes of Visocica (on which there are extensive pastures), a lot of arable land, a wealth of sources of drinking water, the proximity of the Rakitnica river (whose power was traditionally used to operate water mills) and good traffic connections with other villages on the Bjelašnica plateau. The Bobovica village was burned down in the 1992-1995 war, with rarely preserved traditional structures. After the war, new houses were built, in new locations and next to the ruins of old houses. At the same time, the newly built buildings sometimes follow the patterns of traditional architecture, but, as a rule, they are made with a modern disposition, design and materialization. After the war, some facilities were built that did not exist before. According to the theory of Architecturally Defined Space (ADS) developed by the Author in 1987, the village of Bobovica will be observed in this paper as a system through consideration of its four basic elements: Environment, Man, Boundaries and Perspectives. The simultaneous presentation of these elements will establish their mutual cause-and-effect relationship and will not leave out anything that is important for the formation of the image of this space.

In the period from 2012 to 2022, the kitchen space is understood as the most economically frequent room, and in terms of specific requirements, the most complex for planning action. In the process of anthropological deposition and creation of these complex requirements, the kitchen project relies heavily on modern materials, and thus on new technologies. The paper will cover 20 (twenty) kitchen projects, concepts of existing projects from the Macedonian low-rise and high-rise housing structure with all their positive and negative aspects. The project is where everything begins and ends. The paper includes and makes typologies of projects that are most often encountered and projects for which the user experience shows through analyzes that they are accepted as functionally useful. By reviewing a series of changes in the architecture of kitchen spaces over the past 10 years, with a focus on the types of kitchens that were used and how they evolved over time according to the dimensions of the space and the needs of the user, the research focuses on the types of kitchens according to available kitchen dimensions.

The primary subject of this research is defining the workspace through the impact of light and the size of openings through which light penetrates. In that sense, workplace is taken as a model that is researched and analyzed from the aspect of geometry and proportion. The workplace, being an elementary space in which human’s act, represents space which is continuously resided in for thelongest period of time throughout the day. For that reason, the natural light penetrating through the light openings, as well as the view from them on the outside world, is a crucial factor for the quality of space.

The main goal of this research is to perceive the influence of light on the brightness of the architectural space through the different positions of the Sun and its varying intensity at different periods throughout the year. Through a historical review of architectural styles and architectural elements, the influence of daylight on the shaping of the architectural space is presented. When we talk about architecture, we talk about light, first of all daylight. It is not just physical, its enabling perception of the exterior and the interior, it also provides energetic component to architecture, duality of matter and energy thus generating aesthetic sensation among users.

Light is a universal medium that illuminates our world. It is the key to discovering the mysteries of the universe, of the spiritual and physical dimensions of the human past, present and future. The history of light and its impact on our world is almost infinite, and through it we search for the origin of life and civilization. It is a story that starts with the beginning of the world and goes on all the way to the development of quantum physics. It unifies and intertwines the art, science, architecture, religion, and philosophy in time and space.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) present the opportunity to increase the passengers' comfort during the rides and help persons with impairments make daily transportation independently. However, in order to make full use of these advantages, a new design approach is needed for developing AV models. This paper aims to present a specific approach in the design process and ergonomic evaluation of an inclusive AV interior. The used approach of combining vehicle standards and regulations, ergonomic and anthropometric data, with user requirements, inclusive principles and universal design is explained in detail. In addition, virtual ergonomic evaluations are conducted in order to examine the success of applying the ergonomic and inclusive approach. The results emphasize the benefits of virtual ergonomic tools for successful ergonomic assessments.

The Colic familyʹs house is located at Nikovac Street no. 8 in Vares. Together with several houses on this street and houses in Matijevici and Benici streets, this house contributes to the ambience of this part of Vares where the values of the construction of the indigenous bosnian chardaklia house are still preserved. The house was built in the mid-19th century, within the well-known Vares Colic family, which had its own sawmill for cutting and processing wood. The house belongs to the type of three-tracks bosnian house with one divanhan. From the time of its construction to the present day, several renovations have been made on the house, both in the layout and materialization and in the furnishing of its interior. The house is still in use today, but occasionally.

Mara Popovic's house in Gracanica, although built in an urban setting, seems to belong to the classic solution of a three-tract bosnian house chardaklia. The house was built in the city district named Varos on a gently sloping terrain with southern exposure. The house was erected (1840) by a father-in-law, Mara Popovic, who lived in this house until her death, after which the property changed several owners. Today, this house is owned by the Municipality of Gracanica, and is used by the well-known association “Gracanicko keranje”, which nurtures the tradition of making indigenous handicrafts from the Gracanica area – “keranje”. Due to its exceptional architectural, historical and environmental values, this house is included in the list of national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to its spatial concept, construction and materialization, long-term use and its present purpose, the house is an example of traditional and bioclimatic architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This master's thesis is a qualitative empirical research for multidisciplinary conceptualization of an urban public space, with emphasis on development processes for affirmation of ecological and social sustainability, and structuring of socio-spatial relations. The research includes an inter-contextual analysis of a comprehensive theoretical context and a specific case study that highlights urban community gardens as potential initiatives for spatial and social reshaping. The findings of the research support a conceptual design of public space that popularly does not result in a tangible product, but can also be activism for rethinking what exists or a continuous process of socio-spatial relations. The research complements the theoretical framework of the design methodology with conceptual analysis of the design as a process of continuous integration of several disciplines.