Optical surface plasmon resonance has been known for a long time. In Kretschmann's configuration, the optical coupling of an incident light to collective oscillation of electrons along an interface between a metal and a dielectric, the optical coupling of an incident light to collective oscillation of electrons is governed by the metallic thickness. In the present work, we discuss the use of bimetallic structure to generate surface plasmonpolaritons (SPPs). Firstly, we studied the excitation of surface plasmons in structure with two interfaces and the influence of metal (P/Air and P/Au/Air). Secondly, we present the analytical results of the reflected light (vs. the incidence angle) in Structure to three interfaces (P/Au/Air/Au) with an electromagnetic wave in the visible range (λ = 680 nm). In particular, for the metals, we have taken a frequency-dependence in their dielectric permittivity ε_Au (λ) dependence and described by the Drude critical point model. Finally, we found the basic characteristics for the resonances of the surface Plasmon polaritons. We underline an important result to produce coupling phenomenon where the surface plasmon resonance becomes independent of the metallic thickness. The plasmonic resonance is just shifted towards total reflection.

We investigate the spin magnetic excitation at soliton domain boundaries that separate phase domains in hexagonal two dimensional lattices. The inhomogeneity breaks translation symmetry in the direction normal to the defect domain boundaries, which induces the localized magnons. The precession deviation of spins of the bulk are determinate as function of changes of exchange integral parameters at the soliton domain boundaries. The system is supported on a non-magnetic substrate and considered otherwise free from magnetic interactions. The spin dynamics of the system is studied by the matching method. The coherent transmission and reflection scattering coefficients are derived as elements of a Landauer type scattering matrix. Transmission and reflection scattering cross sections are calculated specifically for three cases of magnetic exchange on the inhomogeneous soliton boundary to investigate the influence of the softening and the hardening of magnetic exchange on the boundary. The overall conductance is calculated. Numerical results show characteristic Fano resonance induced by interference effects between the incident film spin-waves and the localized spin states of the defect boundary.

Reversible computation gains advantage over the other emerging nanotechnologies to minimize power dissipation. The implementation of the Reversible circuits using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has been in the point of focus after the exposure of "Atomistic QCA" which is operable at room temperature. Researchers realize the need of the proper methodology by which implementation of reversible benchmarks using QCA would be effective in spectrum of design metrics such as area requirement, delay and O-Cost. In this work, the "Majority-Layered T Hybridization Methodology" is proposed to fulfil the need. The reversible gate library consisting of CNOT, NOT, Toffoli and SWAP Gate (CNTS Gates) has been developed and simulated with the help of the functionality of the proposed methodology. Moreover, Multiple Control Toffoli Gate (MCT) is designed with the proposed Majority-Layered T Hybridization Methodology with the proper formulation of Area requirement, Delay and O-Cost. The 3 × 3 Toffoli Gate using the Majority-Layered T Hybridization shows 18.61% improvement in effective area requirement and 8.33% lesser O-Cost compared to the best reported design so far. As Reversible Benchmark circuits require generic Toffoli Gate, the proposed methodology has been verified with the 4 × 4, 5 × 5 and 6 × 6 Toffoli Gates. By analyzing the result, mathematical formulation has been developed to properly estimate the design metrics for higher order Toffoli Gates. The proposed methodology is verified by the Reversible Benchmark rd-32 circuit the QCA layout which shows lowest AUF value till date. The Majority-Layered T Hybridization and its circuit layouts are simulated, tested and verified by the QCA Designer tool.

In this paper we analyzed possibility to increase density of elements in circuit of an inverter based on field-effect heterotransistors. We introduce an approach to increase density of the considered elements. The approach based on manufacture a heterostructure with specific configuration, doping of required areas of the heterostructure by diffusion or ion implantation and optimization of annealing of dopant and/or radiation defects. We compare manufacturing of these transistors, manufactured by diffusion and ion implantation.

The memristor technology is getting increased attention from introduction of first TiO₂ based Memristive structure by HP labs, though the concept introduced long back in 1970 by Professor Chua. In this work, first we explain working of TiO₂ based Memristor and then modeling of memristor in MATLAB for understanding the frequency and voltage magnitude relationship for full length travel of boundary between doped and undoped layer. With aid of this model, we examined current–voltage characteristics and flux dependence of two-terminal memristive devices, which concludes that required Flux for Full Length Boundary Movement depends only upon physical parameters of memristor; like core length and dopant ion mobility.

This paper reports a cost effective approach for the removal of emulsified oil from wastewater by using Cabentonite clay. Ca-bentonite was activated by using a top down technology involving grinding of the natural bentonite and Na₂CO₃. The bentonite activation was confirmed by the swelling tests. Bentonite samples were characterized by using XRD and FTIR. Average size distribution was also measured using particle size analyzer. The bentonite activation was found to be dependent on grinding time, clay particles size and sodium carbonate. The measured swelling index was 40 for activated bentonite, which is almost seven times to that of the natural bentonite. The oil removals from synthetic wastewater were performed with the activated bentonite with 5% (w/w) Na₂CO₃ composition. The oil removal efficiency of activated bentonite materials was found to be 99.9, 87.9 and 83.1% for 63, 106 and 500 μm respectively.

The present research focuses on Soret and Dufour effects on three-dimensional flow of Jeffery nanofluid over a stretching sheet. The transport equation includes the effect of thermophoresis, Brownian motion of nano particles in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and uniform heat source/sink. Governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order method with shooting technique. Computations are performed for various values of pertinent parameters against velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, which are depicted graphically along with some tabulated results on local Nusselt number and Sherwood number. It is observed that the nanoparticles concentration and associated boundary layer thickness are enhanced by increasing Soret and Dufour numbers. A comparison in a limiting sense is provided to validate the present solutions.

In this paper we analyzed mass and heat transport during growth several epitaxial layers at one time framework one technological process in gas phase. We formulate several conditions to increase homogeneity of epitaxial layers with varying parameters of technological process.

InfraRed Thermography has proved to be an indispensable approach for non-destructive testing and evaluation of solids, due to its inherent merits such as remote, whole-field, qualitative and quantitative inspection capabilities. Present work explores the possibility of detecting sub-surface inclusions in modeled mild steel sample using this technique. Most of the commonly used industrial components are generally made up of mild steel materials including construction beams, chimneys, sliding and rod type gates etc. Safety and demand for quality of in-service products require rigorous testing and reliable monitoring methodology to avoid catastrophic failures. Non-destructive characterization plays an essential role to avoid sudden failures and huge economic losses through the thorough frequent inspection of these materials. This work emphasize on capabilities of linear frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for characterization of steel specimen having inclusions as defects. Finite element based analysis has been proposed to model a mild steel sample by introducing six different materials as slag inclusions. Further, widely used post processing techniques (based on time and frequency domain) have been adopted on the simulated results and the comparisons have been made among them for visualizing the inclusions hidden inside the test sample.

In this paper we consider an approach to increase density of elements of voltage restore. The approach based on manufacturing of a heterostructure, which consist of a substrate and an epitaxial layer with special configuration. Several required sections of the layer should be doped by diffusion or ion implantation. After that dopants and/or radiation defects should be annealed.