Entre histoire de l'entreprise et architecture, dans une perspective comparative et interdisciplinaire, les multiples relations sont décrites et analysées dans des projets de connaissance particuliers. Les savoirs éducatifs sont le produit de savoir-faire où les gestes de l'artiste et de l'entrepreneur accompagnent les opérations de l'esprit, où les mouvements de la pensée grâce aux collaborations marquent aujourd'hui la ville de Barcelone.

We propose a novel pricing factor for currency returns motivated by the marketmicrostructure literature. Our factor aggregates order flow data to provide a measure of buying and selling pressure related to conventional currency trading strategies. It successfully prices the cross-section of currency returns sorted on the basis of interest rates and momentum. The association between our factor and currency returns differs according to the customer segment of the foreign exchange market. In particular, it appears that financial customers are risk takers in the market, while non-financial customers serve as liquidity providers.

En la presente nota se aportan los datos sobre cómo ha evolucionado en años recientes dicha transición, situándola en el marco de referencia europeo e internacional en el que cobra todo su sentido.

En esta nota se estiman los efectos recaudatorios y distributivos de la reducción temporal de los tipos de IVA aplicados a los alimentos básicos, los aceites de oliva y de semillas y las pastas alimenticias, aprobada en el Real Decreto Ley 20/2022, de 27 de diciembre, con la finalidad de ayudar a las familias, cuyo poder adquisitivo se está reduciendo por el alza de los precios de los alimentos. Los resultados obtenidos son: a) el coste recaudatorio de esta reforma podría alcanzar los 700 millones de euros (actualizados a finales de 2022), de los que la mitad corresponderían al beneficio obtenido por el 40% de los hogares con mayor renta; b) La reforma tendrá un efecto positivo, aunque de poca importancia, sobre el efecto redistributivo del IVA, que verá reducido su efecto desigualador de la renta de los hogares entre un 0,01% (para una traslación del 75% a los precios de venta y un 0,05% en ausencia de traslación); c) Los hogares más favorecidos por la rebaja impositiva, en relación con su renta bruta, son los integrados o sustentados por mayores de 65 años, así como los perceptores de transferencias de otros hogares y subsidios.

Sexual harassment of women and girls in streets and other public spaces is often trivialized by the label of “eve teasing” in South Asia. While there exists a volume of research on intimate partner or domestic violence in South Asia, the literature on public-space harassment (PSH) is sparse. Based on 2021-22 surveys in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan this paper examines the prevalence and consequences of public-space harassment using the Capability Approach. We used an online survey and snowball sampling through social media to generate both quantitative and qualitative information. We analyzed the data descriptively and coded the open-ended responses based on human capability themes. The responses to questions about twelve specific forms of harassment indicate that the experience of at least one form of PSH is ubiquitous in all country samples. We find that women are not only unable to lead lives free of violence but also deprived of a range of additional capabilities: to enjoy emotional wellbeing, to be physically mobile, to seek educational opportunities, to earn a living, and to be free of restrictions overall. Respondents also articulated future directions for action to reduce experiences of PSH, including legal measures, education, awareness.

This paper examines the drivers of income inequality within and across countries using relevant measures of inequality and an estimation technique that jointly accounts for both model and estimation uncertainties. The estimations are applied to a global sample and to three categories of vulnerable developing countries: Africa, least developed countries (LDCs), and landlocked developing countries (LLDCs).We find that multiple factors contribute to income inequality within and across countries but that there are significant differences in the key drivers globally and in Africa, LDCs and LLDCs. We also find strong support for the Kuznets hypothesis in the global and the developing countries samples but not in the Africa, LDC and LLDC samples. These differences underscore the need for policymakers to account for country-heterogeneity in the design of policies to combat inequality within and across countries.

To foster domestic electricity production, Japan introduced a Feed-in-Tariff policy in 2012, financed by a renewable levy. This paper examines the impact of this tax on industrial, energy intensive (EI) sectors using plant data from 2005 to 2018. We explore whether the introduction of the levy encouraged plants to substitute electricity purchased from the market with electricity generated on site and whether changes in energy consumption patterns triggered by the levy resulted in additional CO2 emissions from the plants. Our results show that a 1% increase in the levy rate results in a decrease in energy consumption, estimated to be around 3,800 tCO2e per plant on average. However, we also showed that the tax increase also leads to a rise in 0.03pp in the share of electricity generated on site, reflecting a marginal level of substitution between the two energy sources. We identify plants from the chemical sector as those with substitution capacity, and that the substitution leads to increased coal and gas consumption. Our results shed light on the effects of electricity taxes, and highlight the need for carbon pricing. Our paper also contributes to explaining mechanisms behind inter-fuel substitution in the EI sector, with a special focus on electricity and fossil fuel through cogeneration.

We present a model of secured credit chains in which assets generated from intermediation activity and pledged as collateral create fragility. A dealer stands between a borrower and a financier. The dealer borrows from the financier to fund her project, subject to a moral hazard problem, In addition, the dealer can intermediate between the financier and the borrower, forming a credit chain. Intermediation profits can thus act as collateral for the loan to fund the dealer’s own project. When these profits are risky, however, using them as collateral may undermine the dealer’s incentives, generating fragility in the chain. The arrival of news about the value of the revenue of the intermediation activity further increases fragility. This fragility channel generates a premium for safe or opaque collateral. The environment considered in our model applies to various situations, such as trade credit chains, securitization and repo markets.