This study aims to analyze the effect of applying thematic HOTS questions and critical thinking skills to the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students in Grobogan Regency. The approach that used by the researcher is a quantitative approach, with an ex post facto model design. This study used a sample of 47 students, instruments in research not only used questionnaires and documentation, but also used validity and reliability tests. Normality and linearity tests are used as perquisite test. T-test is used as simple linear regression hypothesis test, meanwhile F test is used as multiple regression test. The results of this study indicated that; (1) The application of thematic HOTS questions proved to have a significant effect of 14.5% on learning outcomes. (2) Critical thinking skills had a significant effect of 22.9% on learning outcomes. (3) The application of thematic HOTS questions and critical thinking together had a significant effect of 0.33% on learning outcomes. This research implies is that the refraction of higher-order thinking and critical thinking must start from elementary school so that students can keep up with the changes in the 21st century, besides that teachers are also to prepare more creative and innovative teaching materials so that learning occurs that sharpens students to think at a higher level.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in the effect of learning carried out face-to-face directly or offline, learning carried out offline, online and blended learning. The research method was a quantitative method with a design experiment. This research was conducted in Ambon city, Maluku-Indonesia. The population in this study amounted to 118 Physical Education Student Sampling was carried out randomly to obtain the number of samples using Slovin's formula: n=n/(1+ne²) = 74. Instrument used in this research is an essay test. The test scores from the two sessions were combined to get a total score of statistical learning outcome scores were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, but before being analyzed the scores were tested for requirements with homogeneity tests. The results of this study indicate that the learning carried out provides an overview of the different statistics learning outcomes based on the results of the F test with an F value of 7.131 and a p-value of 0.02. Based on the post-hoc follow-up test, it was found that the student taught by face-to-face or offline learning got better statistics learning outcomes than the students taught online, with a p-value of 0.02. Meanwhile, offline student statistics learning outcomes are not significantly better than student statistics learning outcomes taught using mixed methods or blended learning. Then, the statistics learning outcomes of students taught by mixed learning are not significantly better than online statistics learning outcomes. Thus, it can be said that learning that is carried out offline or face-to-face directly (Blended Learning) is still better and superior to learning that is carried out in Blended Learning and which is carried out online.

This research aims to design an instrument for evaluating teachers’ performance in the implementation of the new learning paradigm of the Merdeka Curriculum. This research employed a qualitative approach with a literature study method. This research data is secondary data collected through the exploration of sixty-four literary references from books and articles in nationally accredited and internationally reputable scientific journals. The data were analyzed by using Miles’ and Huberman’s interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicated that the design of the teacher performance evaluation instrument in the new learning paradigm of the Merdeka Curriculum take into account teachers’ planning, implementation and assessment of the learning. Lesson planning is evaluated based on the comprehensiveness of the components contained in the teaching modules composed by a teacher. The teaching module must contain indicators of general information and core components. The instrument utilized is a documentation review using a checklist sheet with a Guttman scale. The implementation of the learning is evaluated based on the teachers’ learning practices, using the indicators of the teachers’ skills in preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities. The instrument utilized in this case is an observation sheet in the form of a rubric with a 4-point Likert scale. The evaluation of the learning process is referred to as an assesssment, using the learning assessment indicators include diagnostic, formative, summative, and assessment principles and components. Teachers’ performance evaluation instruments designs in the implementation of the new learning paradigm of the Merdeka Curriculum was serve as a reference in conducting evaluations. Through performance evaluation, teachers’ competencies can be measured, learning obstacles can be identified, feedback on classroom needs can be provided, and opportunities for schools and teachers to develop themselves can be created.

This study aims at analyzing the existence of the implementation of the virtual learning models during the Covid-19 pandemic to encourage, explore, and evaluate effective online learning based on the students’ perspectives. This type of research is library research using qualitative descriptive methods. Data in this study were students’ perspectives from many contemporary literature sources, such as journals, books, and other relevant works of literature. By using the Connectivism theory and the PICRAT model, the results indicated that students faced many problems during the Covid-19 pandemic due to inexperienced teachers. Furthermore, the online system was not equipped with optimal learning infrastructure, giving rise to negative and positive aspects in many aspects of learning. Both teachers and students in countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic faced similar problems, namely the online learning system which was not handled properly. Thus, with a proper understanding of the strengths and limitations of online learning, it is feasible to offer a better instructional atmosphere for students by making appropriate modifications. This study concludes that online learning and the dynamics of education reform still serve as a model for future educational development, especially for facing a pandemic. The significant contribution of this study is the findings regarding the potential of technology and the barriers that students face while learning due to digital mechanisms.

This study aims to; (1) describe the understanding and readiness of teachers in developing learning instruments; (2) identify the difficulties and problems faced by teachers in the development of learning instrument; and (3) reveal the means made by teachers in overcoming the problems of developing thematic learning instrument for the Merdeka curriculum. The method in this study employed descriptive with a qualitative approach. The subjects were 12 homeroom teachers at SD N 1 Kaligentong and SD N 2 Jetis in Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province. The data collection techniques were using observation and interviews. The data were analyzed using an interactive model. The results of this study showed (1) teachers still lack an understanding of the development of thematic learning instrument that is in accordance with the regulation (2) the difficulties of teachers in compiling thematic learning instrument: developing essential competencies into HOTS indicators according to Bloom’s taxonomy, formulating learning objectives that contained ABCD components, the comprehensive application of the TPACK context in the learning material has not been maximized, determining learning strategies and methods that apply 21st century proficiency, limitations of IT-based media, creating questions that implement higher-order thinking skills (3) the means made by teachers to overcome the problems of developing thematic learning instrument for the Merdeka curriculum are by compiling together with the teacher working group, attending training, always trying to apply new strategies, and looking for references on the internet.

This research aims to describe the blended learning model in technical competency training for supervisory functional positions in the city of Bandung. In this research apply analytical descriptive method and quantitative approach by using documentary study. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire with 60 surveyors in Bandung as respondents. Data analysis techniques were data collection, presentation and conclusion. In the application of this model, training in the professional ability of the supervisory function of the city of Bandung was carried out which is expected to increase the level of quality of the inspector in practice. Things that need to be prepared before carrying out training with the Blended Learning method include preparing facilitators who understand information and communication technology, providing learning management systems (LMS), providing internet devices, digital libraries, and facilitating understanding by changing delivery materials. In organizing the training, the organizers must pay attention to matters relating to communication, logistics, operators, participants, infrastructure, evaluation and monitoring of other training materials. It is important to evaluate and monitor the training process to uncover various gaps, weaknesses and strengths, both in its implementation and in the process. The results of this training assessment indicated that there was an increase in differences in knowledge aspects between before and after the Blended Learning model training in technical skills training for supervisory functional positions in the city of Bandung.

This study aimed at obtaining the design of an entrepreneurial school model for vocational high school based on an effective cluster development in tourism sector to strengthen the competitiveness of vocational high school graduates. This study applied research and development procedures and design based research (DBR) models which were integrated with constructivistic design principles. The procedures involve evaluation and determination of regional supremacy as a leading commodity / industry; development of design and product model for entrepreneurial school cluster-based model; and a reflection and experimental process to get the final product model. The collection of data on developing process was taken through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) in schools, governments, industrial world groups, and other stakeholders. In addition, the questionnaire was also used to get the feasibility of the design by involving experts in the areas of tourism, economy, education, and development. The overall data were then analyzed qualitatively. The components of the entrepreneurial school model produced involve audience, content, procedures, and evaluations. The design produced learning outcomes, an integrated entrepreneurial curriculum, standardized documents and standard operational procedures, entrepreneurship school management modules. The expert analytical test shows that the overall design and product model are very good.

This study aims to analyze the relation between perception of government handling the Covid-19 (PG), continuing study (CS) during the pandemic and how it can predict the level of job anxiety (JA) among young teaching staff in an Indonesia university. Sixty-four participants were selected purposively from a teaching university in Indonesia. Respondents filled three-set of online questionnaires. Using IBM SPSS 26, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression technique were used to analyze the data. The results show a statistical significance for PG and CS as predictor for JA. It is concluded that perception towards government handling of Covid-19 and continuing study had a moderate significance relationship with Job Anxiety level among young teaching staff. The PG correlates negatively while CS correlates positively to JA. Despite the fact that the nation is still suffering from the pandemic, the lecturers consider continuing their study to be more anxious than the bad policy of handling Covid-19 issues.

The study aims to develop the concepts of school culture through the transformational leadership process. The study used qualitative methods with a phenomenological design involving case studies in Citra Berkat Kindergarten Surabaya. To collect the data, the researchers used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis employed qualitative and descriptive techniques. The results of this study showed that Citra Berkat Kindergarten Surabaya has developed school cultur based on values. It was concluded that IPE (Integrity, Professionality, and Entrepreneurship) for kids is relevant to introducing entrepreneurship in early childhood education. The transformational leadership of the principal school of Citra Berkat Kindergarten has a complete picture of how the organization should be. The school principal expresses the organizational values basic principles to be shared and realized by all components of Citra Berkat Kindergarten.

The digital era facilitates vocational-based school learning by using innovative and digital methods. Learning media using gamification tends to be better and more relevant for students because it follows their age. This study aims to analyze the effect of gamification and student engagement on student achievement moderated by motivation. The study was conducted on vocational-based secondary school students in Central Java, involving 174 samples. The results showed that gamification and student engagement affected student achievement. Gamification affects student engagement, and motivation strengthens the effect of gamification and student engagement on student achievement. This study confirms that the gamification process in the learning process enhances the interaction between students. Research indicates that relevant gamification is implemented in vocational-based schools. Research demonstrates that motivational gamification has a critical role in increasing student achievement. Schools can adopt gamification methods to improve student learning abilities and achievement so that vocational schools acquire skilled students.