Brain Research
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ISSN / EISSN :
00068993 / 18726240
Current Publisher: Elsevier BV (10.1016)
Total articles ≅ 62,328
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Brain Research; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146741
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Brain Research; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146740
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Brain Research; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146730
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Brain Research, Volume 1734; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146738
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Brain Research, Volume 1729; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146614
Abstract:Initial second language acquisition proceeds surprisingly quickly. Foreign words can sometimes be used within minutes after the first exposure. Yet, it is unclear whether such rapid learning also takes place for more complex, multi-layered properties like words with complex morphosyntax and/or tonal features, and whether it is influenced by transfer from the learners’ native language. To address these questions, we recorded tonal and non-tonal learners’ brain responses while they acquired novel tonal words with grammatical gender and number on two consecutive days. Comparing the novel words to repeated but non-taught pseudoword controls, we found that tonal learners demonstrated a full range of early and late event-related potentials in novel tonal word processing: an early word recognition component (~50 ms), an early left anterior negativity (ELAN), a left anterior negativity (LAN), and a P600. Non-tonal learners exhibited mainly late processing when accessing the meaning of the tonal words: a P600, as well as a LAN after an overnight consolidation. Yet, this group displayed correlations between pitch perception abilities and ELAN, and between acquisition accuracy and LAN, suggesting that certain features may lead to facilitated processing of tonal words in non-tonal learners. Furthermore, the two groups displayed indistinguishable performance at the behavioural level, clearly suggesting that the same learning outcome may be achieved through at least partially different neural mechanisms. Overall, the results suggest that it is possible to rapidly acquire words with grammatical tone and that transfer plays an important role even in very early second language acquisition.
Brain Research, Volume 1729; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146624
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Brain Research, Volume 1729; doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(20)30014-7
Brain Research; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146729
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Brain Research; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146724
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Brain Research; doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146717
Abstract:Adult hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) secrete a variety of proteins that affect tissue function. Though several individual NSPC-derived proteins have been shown to impact key cellular processes, a broad characterization is lacking. Secretome profiling of low abundance stem cell populations is typically achieved via proteomic characterization of in vitro, isolated cells. Here, we identified hundreds of secreted proteins in conditioned media from in vitro adult mouse hippocampal NSPCs using an antibody array and mass spectrometry. Comparison of protein abundance between antibody array and mass spectrometry plus quantification of several key secreted proteins by ELISA revealed notable disconnect between methods in what proteins were identified as being high versus low abundance, suggesting that data from antibody arrays in particular should be approached with caution. We next assessed the NSPC secretome on a transcriptional level with single cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of cultured NSPCs. Comparison of RNAseq transcript levels of highly secreted proteins revealed that quantification of gene expression did not necessarily predict relative protein abundance. Interestingly, comparing our in vitro NSPC gene expression data with similar data from freshly isolated, in vivo hippocampal NSPCs revealed strong correlations in global gene expression between in vitro and in vivo NSPCs. Understanding the components and functions of the NSPC secretome is essential to understanding how these cells may modulate the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Cumulatively, our data emphasize the importance of using proteomics in conjunction with transcriptomics and highlights the need for better methods of unbiased secretome profiling.