The purpose of this study is to discover the issues in teaching English from the perspective of teachers. The qualitative method was employed in the study by using semi-structured interview forms to 19 teachers from a central Black Sea region province of Turkey. The teachers highlighted the impact of learning-teaching process, teacher training, teacher-stakeholder relationship and students during the study. According to the teachers, students' prejudices against foreign language learning, interest in the subject, awareness of the importance of language learning, speaking skills, participation in the lesson and the environment they take the courses affect the language learning process. Nevertheless, the reasons for the problems are a lot more complex than this. The students are also need to be supported by the education system, by the parents and by teachers in this process. For instance, the results shows that there is a need for activities that will make students more active, and more suitable environments and materials (i.e. books) are needed for English language teaching. Also, the teachers need to the support of parents, administrators, and the other teachers to become more efficient. This research once again reveals the importance of interrelation of all factors and stakeholders as well as students' willingness and thoughts in teaching English.

In this work the WIHIC (What is Happening In this Classroom) instrument was used to assess the types of interactions, from students' perspectives, that occur in two science classrooms in Trinidad & Tobago. It was the first attempt to use the WIHIC instrument in the research context. An exploratory case study research design in the quantitative paradigm was employed in the assessment. The findings reveal that classroom interactions were dominated by student-centered interactions that mapped onto the student cohesiveness and cooperation scales of the WIHIC instrument. A high level of interaction in the investigation and involvement scales was also determined. What was surprising however, was the low level of teacher supportive interactions and interactions which demonstrated teacher impartiality as reported from students' perspective.

The significance of reading comprehension can hardly be overestimated. Nevertheless, teachers vary in their disposition or willingness to teach reading comprehension. A wealth of field experimental studies have confirmed the importance of text talk, in class or in teacher-guided small groups, for students' reading comprehension. However, researchers have not yet fully explored what makes teachers practice text talk in the classroom. This study aimed to describe and predict teachers' disposition to practice text talk. The study posited two hypotheses based on professional development theory and social capital theory. The data came from a survey study of 320 Swedish teachers (of grades 1 to 12). The study used (a) item response estimation for measurement and (b) linear regression for analysis. It was found that attitudes towards professional development varied with disposition for text talk, on average, after adjusting for other predictors. It was furthermore found that social capital varied with disposition for text talk, on average, after adjusting for other predictors. The conclusion is that the data offer support for both teacher development theory and social capital theory.

Predmet istraživanja čije rezultate donosimo u ovome radu jesu stavovi učenika o igranju video-igara. Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa primarnim ciljem da se utvrdi odnos učenika četvrtog razreda osnovne škole prema igranju videoigara i konstatuje njihov stav o sopstvenoj (ne)zavisnost od igranja video-igara, kao podvrste zavisnosti od interneta. U istraživanju su učestvovali učenici više odeljenja dve beogradske osnovne škole (ukupno: 121 ispitanik), koji su popunili jedan od standardizovanih upitnika, preuzet iz relevantne literature. Analizom dobijenih rezultata potvrđena je polazna hipoteza istraživanja: Učenici četvrtog razreda osnovne škole ne smatraju da su zavisni od igranja video-igara. Prema mišljenjima koja dominiraju, učenici uključeni u istraživanje nemaju izražene potrebe da provode više vremena u igranju video-igara, nisu primetili kod sebe promenljivo ili problematično ponašanje uzrokovano ovom vrstom aktivnosti, kao ni fizičke smetnje prilikom smanjivanja ili prekidanja samog igranja. Takođe, ne smatraju da su narušili socijalne odnose (sa porodicom i prijateljima) ili zanemarili školske i kućne obaveze i interesovanja. Samo ispitivanje i dobijeni rezultati otvorili su pitanja i za buduća promišljanja istraživane oblasti.

Childhood is the period during which physical and mental development is extremely rapid from the first years of life. Furthermore, many basic factors affecting the future lives of individuals start to be shaped. The child's future life, psychological well-being, and quality of life are negatively affected by the exposure to unwanted situations by the family or the environment during this period. As a matter of fact, behavior patterns exhibited by individuals during adulthood are thought to be correlated with childhood traumas. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the altruistic fear of crime, psychological well-being, and childhood traumas among mothers with children aged three to six years. A cross-sectional correlation research design was used for this study. The sample of the study consisted of 214 volunteer mothers, whose children were attending a private preschool education institution in the city center of Gumushane province of Turkey during the 2019/2020 academic year. The research data were collected using "Personal Information Form", "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire", "Altruistic Fear of Crime Scale" and "Psychological Well-being Scale". Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The results of the research showed that the age of the mothers, birth order, presence of any family member receiving psychological support, and marital satisfaction caused significant differences. Furthermore, scores obtained from "Personal Information Form", "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire", "Altruistic Fear of Crime" and "Psychological Well-being Scale" were found to be significantly correlated.

The purpose of this study is to determine to what level beginning teachers' perceptions concerning the competency of pre-service teacher education and their professional commitment predict the challenges they face. This study was conducted with 942 beginning teachers working at İstanbul, Konya, Gaziantep and Van provinces in Turkey. The data were collected with the scale of challenges faced by beginning teachers, teachers' perceptions scale concerning the competency of preservice teacher education and teachers' professional commitment scale developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, MANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used for data analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that beginning teachers face challenges at moderate level in their first year. Furthermore, it was found that three variables ("relations with students, colleagues, administrators, parents and society", "teaching planning and implementation " and "commitment to the profession") are significant predictors explaining approximately one third (%30.4) of the variance concerning the challenges faced by beginning teachers.

This study aimed at investigating the causal relationships among teachers' constructivist learning beliefs, philosophical beliefs regarding the learning process, epistemological beliefs regarding the nature of knowledge and learning, vocational development opportunities, and the importance attached to these opportunities. In this direction, the causal relationships among these variables were tested through structural equation modelling using the data obtained from teachers working at basic education schools in Turkey. Constructivist Learning Beliefs Scale, Educational Beliefs Scale, Professional Development Scale, and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used as the data collection tools. The results showed that philosophical beliefs, epistemological beliefs, and thoughts on vocational development opportunities significantly predicted teachers' constructivist learning beliefs.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between high school students' digital addiction levels and their inquiry skills. The sample of the study consists of 319 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade high school students chosen by random sampling. Of these students studying in Sivas province schools of Turkey, two are Anatolian High School, and one is an Anatolian Imam Hatip (Religious) High School. 190 of the students are girls (59.6%), and 129 are boys (40.4%). Data were collected through the "Digital Addiction Scale (DAS)" developed by Dilci (2019) and the "Inquiry Skills Scale (ISS)" developed by Aldan Karademir and Saracaloglu (2013). In analyzing the data, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation values of the scores obtained from the scales were found, and Pearson's correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis tests were used. The study detected negative significant relationships, albeit low, between the DAS sub-dimensions of deprivation, impulsivity, underperformance, low self-perception, and social isolation and all the sub-dimensions of ISS (i.e. acquiring knowledge, controlling knowledge, and self-confidence). There was also a low negative significant relationship between the overall DAS and ISS scores of the high school students. Finally, digital addiction levels were determined to explain 5% of the variance in the high school students' inquiry skills.

This study aims to determine the relationships between enabling school structure, teachers' social network intentions and the professional learning community. This study used a structural equation modelling approach to investigate the relationships and implemented the appropriate sampling method. Survey data were obtained from 302 teachers working in the capital city of Turkey. Results show that teachers' perceptions of enabling school structure and social networking intentions among their colleagues are high, and their evaluations of forming a professional learning community are relatively low. When we examined the relationships between variables, we found a positive and moderate relationship between the enabling school structure and teachers' social network intentions; a positive and high relationship between the enabling school structure and the professional learning community. However, a positive but low level of a significant relationship is found between teachers' social network intentions and the professional learning community. Another significant result of the study is that the social network intentions of teachers increase with the enabling school structure. With the increase in social network intentions, the tendency to form a professional learning community also increases. Some suggestions were made for researchers and school communities in the research, both on becoming professional learners and creating better social networks.

The paper deals with the problems of the relationship between the practice of STEM education, which focuses only on scientific disciplines, knowledge, skills and abilities, and opposing views according to which educational practices consisting of scientific or academic disciplines such as STEM and educational practice focus on morality, values and virtues, ie directly considers the possibilities of these differences in attitudes and approaches to education to can be considered together. This paper aims to discuss whether STEM can be considered on the basis of moral character with the support of a compilation piece. In this direction, the discussion in question has been processed and expanded separately from the standpoint of each STEM discipline - science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The paper uses methods of analysis and discourse as a theoretical analysis to investigate the mentioned issue, which examined whether approaches such as STEM-E, STEM-C and STEM-A have a moral point of view. As a result of the literature review, it was concluded that STEM applications can be resolved on a moral basis. Accordingly, suggestions were given to teachers on how to maintain STEM practices within an ethical framework.