The present review summarizes the data about the use of intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) in the treatment and prevention of both acute and chronic diseases of the nervous system in children. The INH method is used in pregnant women with fetoplacental insufficiency, anemia and for mental disorders correction. The INH efficiency in relation to such pathology as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, enuresis, sleep disturbances, autonomic dysfunction is proved. The age dependence of bioelectric activity of the brain in practically healthy persons (age from 8 to 21 years) on hypoxic factor and the most sensitive period of age from 13 to 16 years is shown. The results the own studies have shown that the children which are born and live in radioactive contaminated areas (RCA), the course of INH sessions led to the restoration of somatovegetative status: activation of higher vegetative centers, optimization of sympathetic and parasympathetic links; positive influence on the activity of the cardiovascular system; ventilatory capacity of lungs; blood parameters.

Background. Emerging evidence suggests a strong interaction between the gut, gut microbiota and liver. Derangement of gut flora, particularly small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), occurs in a large percentage of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and plays an important role in its pathogenesis.Aim. Study of the frequency of SIBO in various forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as the possibilities of its pathomorphosis as a result of eradication of SIBO as a result of the use of rifaximin or multicomponent probiotic.Material and methods. There were investigated 125 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (70 men, 55 women aged 18 to 65 years, mean age 37±6.7 years) developed at obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 85 patients with liver steatosis (group1) and 40 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (group 2). Patients with concomitant SIBO (70 patients) was treated with rifaximin or multicomponent probiotic. As the main endpoints of the study, the frequency of achieving eradication of SIBO was evaluated (estimated from the results of a repeated H2-lactulose hydrogen test after treatment), as well as a decrease in the severity of liver steatosis by steatometry and a decrease / normalization of transaminase levels 3 months after the start of the treatment. Secondary endpoints included the change in BMI and the HOMA-IR index 3 months after the start of the treatment.Results. SIBO in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was significantly more frequent than in control (p <0.005), and in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis – significantly more often than in patients with liver steatosis (80 % vs 47.1 %, P <0.01). Eradication of SIBO after use of rifaximin was recorded in 30 of 36 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (83.3 %), including 16 of 20 patients with steatosis (80 %) and 14 of 16 (87.5 %) patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In the group of patients taking multicomponent probiotics after treatment, eradication of SIBO was noted in 12 of 36 patients (33.3 %), including 7 patients with steatosis (35 %) and 5 patients (31.3 %) with non-alcoholic steatohepatitisConclusion. The investigation shows that the eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has the positive influence on the natural course of NAFLD and use of rifaximine should be discussed as a perspective therapeutic strategy at this pathology

Recommendations are worked out in relation to the evaluation of longevity and quality of underground metallic pipelines in the conditions of corrosion fatigue. The features of early exposure of crisis (before accident) situations are set. A complex qualimetric criterion is offered for determination of level of quality of pipeline by the account of his technological specific. The elements of investment project and methodology of estimation of resource are worked out. and also influences of factors of different nature on risks and possibility of accident of gas pipelines. The model of corrosion fatigue of metal is based on power criterion of destruction mechanics according to which there is an act of destruction in an arbitrary elemental volume of a material if the total irreversibly scattered energy of plastic deformation for all load cycles will reach a critical value equal to the energy of destruction. In order to control the corrosion process taking the polarization potential into account, a criterion relation is used to determine the rate of residual corrosion of a metal in the defect of the insulation coating, in particular, at the top of the crack, which is an anode region. The adhesive strength criteria of biocorrosive aggressive soil, mechanical criteria for the stress intensity factor, the criterion of corrosion resistance defect, criterion correlation for estimating the speed of residual corrosion in defect of insulation coating with imposed diagnostic weight characteristics and diagnostic value of tests, that complement, clarify and improve the corrosion monitoring system of pipelines, helpful for controlling and optimizing of the corrosion process, and Development of recommendations for anti-corrosion protection of metal are used in areas with non-stationary plastic deformation.

An experimental facility for measuring and recording the flux density of solar radiation is designed and installed. An electrical circuit is developed and a pyranometer model is developed to measure the level of solar radiation, and it is graduated with a Soler Power Meter DT-1307 solar radiation flux meter. The time distribution of the flux density of solar energy is analyzed and the surface energy density of solar radiation is calculated for Ternopil. The influence of climatic conditions on the energy of solar radiation is determined. Analytical dependencies are obtained on the basis of comparison of the measured values of the flux density of solar radiation and the cloud cover taken from meteorological services. The energy potential of solar radiation during 2012-2015 in the western region of Ukraine is calculated, as well as the average monthly and average annual energy density of solar radiation. It is determined that the annual average density of the solar energy flux is 1045.9 kW∙h/m2, and its deviation does not exceed 5%. It is shown that the most favorable months for the use of solar energy are from March to September of each year.

The possibility of using natural mineral adsorbents - clinoptilolite and schungite - in the adsorption purification of water-alcohol solutions of different concentrations was studied using the example of impurities of ethanol of acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate. The feasibility of studying the above-mentioned minerals for the adsorption of simple organic substances is justified. The best concentration of a water-alcohol solution for adsorption of acetaldehyde 80-85 vol.%, ethyl acetate-40 vol.% is experimentally established. The rational duration of phase contact for adsorption of acetaldehyde is from 10 to 20 minutes, for adsorption of ethyl acetate - 5 minutes. An explanation for the dependence of the sorption efficiency on the ethanol content in a water-alcohol solution is proposed based on the known dependencies of the rectification factor on the ethanol concentration. The larger the rectification factor, the less the hydrogen bond of this impurity with ethanol and the easier it is to sorb it from ethanol by mineral adsorbents. The practical and economic feasibility of using the mineral adsorbent clinoptilolite of Ukrainian origin in the preparation of alcoholic beverages instead of imported active coal is shown. It is determined that to purify water-alcohol solutions from aldehydes, which most worsen the taste of alcoholic beverages, it is more expedient to use clinoptilolite as an adsorbent. It is shown that the use of clinoptilolite for the preparation of vodkas from non-standard rectified alcohol will improve the tasting indicators of the final product.

The advantages of wave technologies in comparison with traditional thermal technologies are considered. The aim of research is using of innovative wave technologies to intensify the processes of heat and mass transfer in the processes of dehydration and extraction, while reducing energy costs. A classification of the mechanisms of intensification of heat and mass transfer processes is proposed. Technical methods for intensifying heat and mass transfer during the processing of plant raw materials using technologies for targeted delivery of energy are developed. Samples of equipment are presented that implement technologies of directed energy action and innovative products obtained at these facilities. The results of experimental studies of drying in the microwave and infrared fields are shown.

The problem of synthesis of the boundary optimal control of the cooling process of media with heat conductive viscosity is investigated. In addition to the distributed parameters, the concentrated parameters act on the system. This is due to the fact that the temperature of the external environment is unknown and varies according to a given law. As a result, the process is described by a system of partial differential equations and ordinary differential equations. In this case, heat transfer occurs at the right end of the rod. This complicates the obtaining of a solution of this boundary-value problem in an explicit form. But it is possible to establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the corresponding boundary-value problem for concrete admissible controls. The criterion of quality is a quadratic functional and it is required to build control in the form of feedback. First by the Fourier method, the problem under consideration is formulated in an infinite-dimensional phase space. As a result, the problem of synthesis of optimal control in a functional space is obtained. To solve this problem, the dynamic programming method is used. To do this, let’s introduce the Bellman functional and obtain the Bellman equation, which this functional satisfies. The solution of this equation allows to find the control parameter in the form of a functional defined on the set of the state function. Further, by introducing the corresponding functions, feedback control is constructed for the original problem. Unlike program control, this allows to influence the behavior of the system at any time, that is, to ensure the self-regulation of the process. However, let’s note that the difficulties in solving this problem are connected with the justification of the proposed method. This is established by the investigation of a closed system.

The paper shows that presence of such phases as mullite, corundum is required in order to obtain high quality refractories that are able to work effectively under the conditions of the simultaneous effects of corrosive environments, high temperatures and pressure, sudden changes in temperature. The structures of Al2O3 – SiO2 – CaO – Р2O5 system are examined in the materials in which the formation of defined phases is probably. Based on data it is carried out partitioning of the system on the elementary tetrahedrons. The data on the lengths of tie lines, volumes, the asymmetry degree and the eutectic temperature of elementary tetrahedrons are given. The geometric-topological characteristic of the phases of this system are presented. The choice of oxides compositions areas for the production of refractories is justified based on the obtained results.

In connection with the global increase in the intensity of use of working equipment related to high-risk facilities and the expiry of the service life limit, the question arises of determining the actual technical condition and forecasting the residual resource. From the analysis of the approaches to determining the technical state and on the analysis of regulatory documents, it becomes clear that the regulated methods of assessing the technical state are obsolete, such that they do not ensure the reliability of the obtained control results. A new technique for determining the actual technical state through monitoring the level of stresses in the body of high-risk objects is proposed. The new technique takes into account additional physical and mechanical parameters that affect the stress-strain state, and have not yet been used. In other words, the technique of multivariable control of stress determination was proposed. Mathematical models of the process of deformation and stress for cylindrical vessels with a spherical and conic dome operating under the action of high pressure are proposed.

In the paper the results of testing three types of FUCHS oils: Thermisol QH 120, Thermisol QH 10 and Thermisol QB 46 are discussed. The main attention is paid to critical heat flux densities evaluation because they create a basis for optimizing cooling intensity of any liquid quenchant. In the paper is underlined that any film boiling during quenching is undesirable since it is a reason for big distortion and non-uniform surface harness. It is shown that intensive quenching decreases distortion of steel parts during quenching. To eliminate film boiling during quenching in mineral oils, optimal temperature of oil should be chosen which maximize the first critical heat flux density and special additives should be used to decrease initial heat flux by creating surface micro-coating. Along with the evaluation of heat transfer coefficients, critical heat flux densities inherent to liquid quenchant must be measured first to optimize quenching processes. International DATABASE on cooling characteristics of liquid quenchants must include critical heat flux densities, initial heat flux densities, and heat transfer coefficients allowing optimizing and governing quenching processes.

The aim of the given study was to improve the results of treatment of patients with concretions of the upper third of the ureter.Materials and methods. The clinical trial was carried out as a non-interventional open, controlled, in two groups of patients with baseline control. The inclusion criteria concerned the patients with concretions of the upper third of the ureter 0.7-0.9 mm in size, which had one session of an extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and after the procedure the size of the concretions fragments was up to3 mm. The study involved 60 patients, all patients in the main group (n = 30) were treated using phytotherapy, within 1 month starting with basic therapy under hospital conditions and continuing with preventative treatment in an outpatient setting. The control group (n = 30) received baseline therapy (up to 10 days) at the stationary stage. Results and discussion. In patients of the main group, fragments of concretions came out significantly faster, namely: in the main group, the fragments came out in 21 patients (70.0 %), while in the control group in 15 patients (50.0 %) (p1- p2, p <0.05) to the 7th day, and in the main group, the fragments came out in one patient more than 14 days, and in the control group – in 5 patients, p <0.05. The "stone path" in the bottom third of the ureter was in 1 patient (3.3 %) of the main group and in 3 patients (10.0 %) in the control group (p1-p2, p <0.05). The "stone path" departure time in patients of the main group was 2 days, and in patients of the control group it was 4.1 days from the time of its formation (p1-p2, p <0.05). Bacteriuria was observed in the main group on the 10th day 6.6 % less relative to the control group.Conclusion. At comparing the obtained results in patients of both groups in 1 month it was noted that high efficacy of the treatment was registered in 6 (20 %) patients of the main group and in 3 patients (10 %) of the control group (p <0.05), moderate efficiency was registered in 23 (76.7 %) patients of the main group and in 22 (73.3 %) patients of the control group respectively, low efficacy was registered in 1 (3.33 %) patient in the main group and 5 (16.7 %) patients of the control group (p <0,05), which points to the effectiveness of Urolesan capsules use in complex therapy of patients with concretions of the one third of ureter.

The notion “asthma-COPD cross” (ACC) for patients with clinical signs of bronchial asthma and COPD was introduced. From 15 to 45 % of population with bronchial obstructive diseases suffer from ACC and its prevalence increases with age.According to the data of epidemiological studies, in average a half of patients with BA in the world cannot reach a control of BA or keep it for a long time.The aim of our research was the determination of the control level and also assessment of symptoms of the disease of patients with BA and COPD.Patients. The study included patients with ACC, older than 30 years. The control included patients with the bronchial asthma and COPD without any signs of these pathologies combination.Methods. All patients underwent the spirography with the analysis of the curve “flow-volume” of a force exhalation and also bodypletizmography (“MasterScreenPneumo”, "CardinalHealth" (Germany)). Al patients were interrogated by the questionnaires: questionnaire for BA symptoms control (ACQ-7), test for BA control (ACT), test for COPD assessment CAT).Results. At comparing parameters of BA control was revealed the reliably worse control in the group of patients with the associated pathology by data of the questionnaire ACQ-7 comparing with patients with BA. The influence of COPD symptoms was also more essential in patients with ACC comparing with one with COPD.At the more expressed degree of the bronchial obstruction, BA control was reliably weaker, whereas the influence of COPD symptoms was more essential.In patients with ACC with the unsatisfactory control of BA (АСQ-7 ≥1,5 points) the mortality prognosis, expressed by BODE index, grows almost in 3 times; inpatients with the severe and very severe influence of the disease effect (САТ > 20 points), the mortality prognosis grows more than in 2 times.The reliable positive correlation was revealed between the results of CAT and ratio of the internal thoracic volume of gases to the total capacity of lungs (ITGV/TLС), that reflects the degree of lungs hyperinflation - (r=0,35; p<0,05).Conclusions. At BA and COPD combination the indices of the disease control are worse than at the bronchial asthma and a bit similar to ones at COPD.Indices of BA control and influence of COPD symptoms on the condition of patients with the associated pathology were mainly negatively changed at the increase of the bronchial obstruction degree.The essential negative influence of the insufficient BA control and the high influence of COPD symptoms on the disease prognosis in patients with associated pathology (BA+COPD) were revealed.

Bilateral breast sarcomas are rare malignancies of unknown etiology. Most common histological subtypes of breast sarcoma are angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Phyllodes tumors have a predisposition to transform into sarcoma.The present clinical case describes bilateral breast fibrosarcomas in a 39 years-old female with macromastia. This peculiarity gave possibilities to do wide local excision of both tumors within 3.0 cmresection margins and preserve both breasts. Histological and immunohistochemical (ERG, CK-AE1/AE3) examination confirmed fibrosarcomas in both breast (in right – stage IIB, in left – stage IIA). Patient carried on postoperative treatment with radiation therapy (36.1 Gy for both breasts) and four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide).For the first year patient had clinical and ultrasound examination every three months, then every 6 months. CT scan of chest and abdomen was every year. In seven post-op years there was no evidence of disease recurrence.Thus, macromastia gives an exceptional chance to carry out organ-sparing radical surgery in women with advanced breast malignancies.

According to the data of the world statistics there is observed the growth of autonomic dysfunctions. It is one of the main problems of clinical neurology: 12–25 % of children and near 70 % of adults suffers from these disorders. Aim: diagnosing of autonomic dysfunctions in the contingent of students with the help of neuropsychological investigations. Methods and materials: There were examined 1379 students of medical university. Self-appraisal autonomic system tone testing, Kerdo index, G.Dagnini-B.Aschner reflex and ortho-clinostatic sign were carried out on the first phase. For 157 students the Heart Rate Variability was investigated on the second phase. All students were tested by the Eysenck Personality Inventory on the third phase. 70 students (31 men, 39 women) were accordingly tested by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Results of research: Increasing of sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system showed 221 (82.1 %) from 257 persons. Kerdo index was positive at 156 (60.7 %) persons. Reactivity of the autonomic nervous system by the G.Dagnini-B.Aschner reflex showed sympathetic reaction in 133 (51.8 %) persons. Autonomic ensuring of the vital functions study by ortho-clinostatic sign also showed prevalence of the sympathetic reaction – 150 (58.4 %) students. According to the RSAI, 5 marks (optimal) were showed in case of 52 (33.1 %) students. 4 marks – 68 (43.3 %) persons. 3, 2 and 1 marks were registered in case of 26 (16.6 %) persons. Average SI was 168.47 ± 16.42. 4 marks of RSAI correlated with SI=137.29 ± 5.75, 2 marks correlated with SI=508.12 ± 32.12. According to psychological tests, all students with extraversion reliably showed non-stability of the higher nervous action (14.38±017), increased average T-marks of F-scale (77±1.949), 9-scale (71±1.553) and 8-scale (71±1.801). Conclusions: Indicators of autonomic tone, autonomic reactivity and autonomic activity ensuring showed prevalence of sympathicotonia in contingent of students. Heart Rate Variability investigation found dystonic disorders of autonomic nervous system of supra-segmental level mainly. Eysenck Personality Inventory found the prevalence of extraversion and non-stability of the higher nervous activity what may indicate further autonomic dysfunctions. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory testing revealed psychological disproportions with prevalence of hypomanic, paranoid, schizophrenic tendency. Psychologic affects cause further somatic complaints as manifestation of autonomic dysfunctions.

Radical operations of cholangiocarcinomas are connected with the great number of post-operative complications, and lethality reaches 15-30 %. The most debatable questions remain the choice of the operation type depending on localization and spreading of a tumor and also the expedience of using mini-invasive technologies as a preoperational preparation to the radical surgical treatment. We would like to share the little experience of the radical surgical treatment of cholangiocarcinomas.The research aim is to analyze results of radical surgical treatment of patients with cholangiocarcinoma.Matherials and methods. We have analyzed the outcomes of surgical treatment in 18 patients with cholangiocarcinomas. Tumor localization was determined according to the Bismuth-Corlett classification. Type 1 tumors were found in 2 (11.1 %), type 2 in 4 (22.2 %), type 3А in 5 (27.8 %), type 3B in 4 (22.2 %), type 4 in 1 (5.6 %), and distal localization in 2 (11.1 %) patients. As biliary decompression, 9 (50 %) patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary duct drainage (PTBD), and another 9 (50 %) patients were operated without preoperative biliary decompression Pre-operative embolization of portal vein branches with the aim to increase the low volume of liver after anticipated resection was performed in 4 (22.2 %) patients.Results. After the embolization of portal vein branches, the estimated residual volume of hepatic parenchyma increased from 33.4 % to 45.7 %. Patients with cholagiocarcinomas of different localization performed the radical operations: isolated hepaticocholedochus resection in 5 (27.8 %) patients, hepaticocholedochus resection combined with Taj Mahal hepatic resection in 1 (5.6 %), right hemihepatectomy in 5 (27.8 %), left hemihepatectomy in 4 (22.2 %), extended right hemihepatectomy in 1 (5.6 %), and pancreoduodenal resection in 2 (11.1 %) patients. Complications of radical surgeries were observed in 4 (22.2 %) patients. Lethal outcomes occurred in 3 (16.7 %) patients.Conclusions. Radical operations are attended with complications in 22,2 % and lethality in 16,7 %. As a preoperative preparation it is possible to use mini-invasive interventions for the biliary decompression and increase of hepatic parenchyma volume.

The elaboration and introduction of the new high-energetic and resource effective equipment in the activity of food industrial enterprises, including restaurant economy is an urgent scientific problem. The most important role at that is played by the unit energetic consumption of energetic processes, which decrease allows to receive an economic effect. The rise of the energetic effectiveness of technological processes of fried meat products manufacturing is possible at the expanse of combining traditional and non-traditional (physical and electrophysical) processing methods. The use of combined thermal processing methods allows to raise the effectiveness of heat conduction from heating environments to a product.The aim of the research was the determination of the frying surfaces temperature at the bilateral heat supply for a value of the mean integral temperature pressure and frying process duration, ready product output and unit energy consumption.The change of the initial temperature level of the frying process has an essential influence on the mean integral temperature pressure between a frying surface and product surface layer. The temperature decrease of frying surfaces from 423 К to 393 К leads to the decrease of the mean integral temperature pressure between a frying surface temperature and product surface one by 4 К by the nonlinear law, and allows to raise the coefficient of heat conduction through steam layers. It was proved, that the bilateral frying of natural products of meat at the surfaces temperature 393 К allows to decrease the process duration by 6 s, to raise the ready product output by 3,3% and to decrease the unit electric energy consumption by 0,023 kW·hour/kg comparing with the bilateral frying at the surfaces temperature 423 К.

Studies were conducted of the stressed-strained state of biopolymers of meat, which were exposed to the processes of elastic, residual and highly elastic deformation at cutting and mincing. Analysis of the structure of this natural biopolymer and the evaluation of mechanical characteristics of meat under normal and low temperatures are important factors that are taken into account for the rational selection of meat mincing machines and tools in the production of meat products, minced meat, semi-finished and sausage products.The structure of meat is a system of structured protein fibers, impregnated with tissue fluid, which is protein sol that contains organic and inorganic substances, soluble in it. The tissues that the meat is composed of belong to natural biopolymers, so conducting analytical studies into mechanical properties of meat within the framework of our understanding of the mechanics of polymers will make it possible to improve mincing processes, employed during manufacturing of meat products.In order to prevent meat overheating, the mincing process is performed at several stages. For example, in cutting mechanisms of choppers, they use a row of knives and grids with holes, diameter of which gradually changes from the original size of0.06 mto 0.003-0.002 min the outlet grids. Quality indicators of the finished products are affected by mechanical characteristics of raw materials and the way the cutting process is carried out.In the course of conducted analysis it was found that in modern food production there remain unresolved important problems, which address current issues, related to rheological and structural mechanical properties of meat raw material. First of all, it concerns theoretical and practical developments that enhance an understanding of physico-chemical and mechanical properties of raw materials, which will make it possible to develop theoretical foundations and experimentally substantiate the new conceptual approach to solving the task of improving the quality of semi-finished products and durability of equipment at meat processing enterprises of APC. The research is the basis for constructive and technological solutions, choice of mode, kinematic and dynamic parameters of cutting devices, steel and wear resistant coatings for cutting tools that provide saving of energy and materials at meat mincing, high quality of minced meat. and finished products and appropriate service life of the equipment.It was established that in order to determine characteristics of the strained state of meat, it is necessary to apply a circular diagram of loading-unloading, which allows analysis of behavior of the sample in a closed cycle of changing in external load. An analysis indicates a very large dependence of meat elasticity module on temperature. Dependences of this kind are generally characteristic of polymer bodies.

Studies have been conducted into the content of toxic elements in sprouted and unsprouted lentils, juniper fruits and thyme herb, manufactured samples of semi-smoked sausages whose formulation contained the specified ingredients. The samples were prepared for conducting the study. Measuring the mass fraction of heavy metals is based on the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency by atoms of substance in a free state. Metal mass fraction in the mineralizate of a sample of food products was calculated by the calibration dependence of absorption magnitude on mass concentration of the metal. Measurement of copper and zinc mass fractions involved an atomization technique in the air-acetylene flame, with a burner heated to a temperature of around 3000 °C; their content was determined by the magnitude of radiation resonance absorption at analytical wavelength corresponding to the examined metal. It was determined that the investigated vegetable raw materials and semi-smoked sausages did not contain toxic elements that exceeded the standard.

Using the tabular processor MS Excel 2007 there was elaborated the recipe of the fermented milk dessert for child food. The recipe of this dessert consists of (mass. %, g): fermented milk curd – 54, jam – 23, honey – 8, sesame – 4, cream – 6, collagen hydrolyzate (gluten) – 5. This dessert is a source of vitamin C and covers near 40 % of a child daily need in it. At the expanse of introducing gluten in the dessert composition, protein content in the ready product increased that covers from 11,28 % to 22,56 % of a daily need. This dessert is also rich in calcium, so one portion of it covers 25 % of a child need.Based on theoretical qualimetry methods there was realized the complex estimation of the dessert quality. The hierarchic structure of ready product properties was presented, including organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters and also ones of the food and biological value at storage.The estimation of microbiological and organoleptic parameters at storage give a possibility to state, that the new fermented milk dessert will be competitive at the consumer market. The storage life of this product is 5 days at the temperature (4±2) °С.

The development of specific medical forms for fighting against the tumor disease (cancer) of people and animals has the extremely important value. The preparation «ZG-2011» («Leucozav») was invented in 2000-2006 by research associates of SSI “State center of innovative biotechnologies” that forms in inoculated animals the specific anti-viral immunity that protects cattle from being infected by the leucosis causative agent. Analogues of this preparation in Ukraine are absent. The main aim of the study is the determination of “Leucozav” influence on morphologic parameters of blood (leukocyte profile) of clinically healthy cows and ones, infected by leucosis.The object of the study was blood of cattle (milk herd), considered as unfavorable as to leucosis.Blood samples were studied before administering “Leucozav” and after that. Serological and immunological research methods were used.At the experiment it was studied, that «Leucozav» administration to infected animals normalizes leukocytes number and the ratio of their separate forms in blood of cows. In blood samples, taken of healthy cows, the preparation administration doesn’t influence the leukocyte profile.This experiment gives grounds to recommend the newly created preparation«Leucozav» to cows with leucosis, because it normalizes the number of leukocytes and their ration in separate forms in blood of RID-positive cows that react positively at the immune diffusion reaction in the agar gel at the study of leucosis of cattle.

The substantiation of the expedience of using antioxidants of a natural origin to decelerate oxidation processes in different meat products is an urgent direction of these studies. The prospective way of a solution of the problem of meat products oxidation spoilage is the use of vegetable extracts. The experimental studies of the effective use of the composition of rosemary and grape seed extracts in Peking duck forcemeat at the long storage were realized. Their influence on the dynamics of hydrolytic and peroxide oxidation of forcemeat lipids was studied. The analysis of oxidation secondary products accumulation was realized at the same time.The positive effect of the combined use of rosemary and grape seeds extracts on frozen Peking duck forcemeat was established, the optimal concentration of offered preparations was determined.

The study of technological parameters of Midas wheat flour and possibility to use little-spread plants at wheat bread manufacturing was realized. Parameters and regimes for keeping and baking bread of new recipes were elaborated and selected. The elaborated method of bread manufacturing by new recipes relates to the field of agriculture and food industry and may be used at a laboratory baking of bread.There was experimentally grounded and introduced the change of a part of recipe quantity of wheat flour for dried and comminuted plants of Népeta mussinii L., Polymnia osotolysta L., Amaranthus tricolor L., Cosmos sulphureus L., Tanacetum parthenium L., Cyperus esculentus L., Physalis tomentous L. at baking bread. According to determined physical-chemical, organoleptic parameters of bread, a possibility of baking bread using plants was proved. The expedience of introducing vegetable additives of Népeta mussinii L., Polymnia osotolysta L., Amaranthus tricolor L., Tanacetum parthenium into wheat dough in the dose no more than 5 % to the flour mass; up to 10 % – Cosmos sulphureus L and up to 15 % – Cyperus esculentus L., Physalis tomentous L was proved. At these very dosages bread had an evenly colored crust, without breaks and cracks, elastic crumb, thin-walled porosity, expressed bread taste and pleasant smell of additives as opposite to other experimental samples.

The use of hydrocolloids in the modern meat industry is the one of prospective directions for improving functional and technological characteristics of meat and meat products, including poultry at long storage terms. A series of concrete requirements to functional-technological, physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters is offered for canned poultry in correspondence with minimal specifications for the quality of products of an animal origin.There is presented the study of the optimization of the process of meat products sterilization using meat of chicken-broilers, quails and hydrocolloids depending on physical-chemical and organoleptic properties. The parameters of quail meat use in recipes of canned poultry meat with hydrocolloids were considered. The influence of the sterilization process on characteristics of chicken-broiler and quail meat was established.There was revealed the essential difference in the influence on functional and technological parameters of canned quail meat using hydrocolloid mixtures comparing with canned chicken-broiler meat, manifested in changes of MKC (moisture keeping capacity), plasticity and salt content in jelly. At changing sterilization regimes, there takes place the change of physical and chemical characteristics of gels that correlates with organoleptic characteristics. For providing high quality parameters of canned poultry meat and industrial sterility, sterilization regimes for canned chicken-broiler meat must be realized for containers with the volume 500 with sterilization time no more than 90 minutes. For canned quail meat the sterilization process duration must be increased to 120 min at the temperature 115 ° С.

The Internet provided the world with interconnection. However, it did not provide it with trust. Trust is lacking everywhere in our society and is the reason for the existence of powerful intermediaries aggregating power. Trust is what prevents the digital world to take over. This has consequences for organisations: they are inefficient because time, energy, money and passion are wasted on verifying everything happens as decided. Managers play the role of intermediaries in such case: they connect experts with each others and instruct them of what to do. As a result, in our expert society, people’s engagement is low because no one is there to inspire and empower them. In other words, our society faces an unprecedented lack of leadership. Provided all those shortcomings, the study imagines the potential repercussions, especially in the context of management, of implementing a blockchain infrastructure in any type of organisation. Indeed, the blockchain technology seems to be able to remedy to those issues, for this distributed and immutable ledger provides security, decentralisation and transparency. In the context of a blockchain economy, the findings show that value creation will be rearranged, with experts directly collaborating with each others, and hierarchy being eliminated. This could, in turn, render managers obsolete, as a blockchain infrastructure will automate most of the tasks. As a result, only a strong, action-oriented, leadership would maintain the organisation together. This leadership-in-action would consist in igniting people to take action; coach members of the organisations so that their contribution makes sense in the greater context of life.

The article studies main theoretical and practical aspects of the shadow economy functioning in the national and international environment. Levels of economic processes shadowing in European Union countries were grounded. A shadow sector volume in developed countries of the world was studied, and the international practice of economy de-shadowing was systematized. In the process of the study the essential attention was paid to fiscal instruments of shadow schemes prevention. Tax strategies of a fight against factors and motives that generate and intensify the shadow economy level in Ukraine were generalized on this base. It was proved, that there is practically no distinct panacea for the Ukrainian economy in the context of its de-shadowing. But the state is completely able to diminish shadow schemes diffusion in the economy using tax mechanisms. According to the results of the study the offers as to the shadow economy prevention in Ukraine were formulated on the base of the international experience and tax instruments.

The author has analyzed theoretical and methodological foundations for international interaction between countries, namely the gravity models of J. Tinbergen and H. Linnemann. The export competitiveness levels are divided into three levels: national, corporate and industrial. The author proposed to add the existing list of competitive export criteria by another - perspective. Since this criterion allows assessing the effectiveness of the national export development model, the availability and the possibility of maximizing the export potential, the effective use of available export potential. The author has analyzed the development trends of the world ferrous metals market. In the framework of the above-mentioned analysis, the current state of domestic metallurgy was analyzed in the conditions of global market penetration and possible strategic prospects were identified. Within the framework of gravity model improvement for ferrous metals market, the author offers to use as an indicator of the economy size - real GDP of partner countries; as the competitiveness factor - the Global Competitiveness Index of the country, and as the logistics costs factor - the average distance between the main ports of the partner countries and the index of economic freedom, which takes into account the volume of tariffs and non-tariffs barriers. Estimated model parameters allow identifying the most promising markets for the export of ferrous metals in order to be competitive in selected countries. Learning the major players experience on the world ferrous metals market allowed concluding that diversification is one of the possible measures to overcome the economic problems of metallurgical enterprises by expanding market maneuver and increasing competitiveness. It will provide more stable results, minimize losses in core business during crises and cyclical recessions. As competitive advantages are shifted to the new products, where the positions of Ukrainian manufacturers are shaky, it is essential to implement innovative development into the production process by adapting the experience and technologies of world leaders.

Today the mastering of information culture by the young generation is an important necessity, connected with information progress that takes place in the modern society. The process of information culture formation of young teenagers provides, first of all, the study and evaluation of information culture formation of pupils of this age. Thus on the base of secondary educational institutions was realized the ascertaining stage of our experimental study as to the state of information culture levels formation in young teenagers. The ascertaining experiment took place in few stages. At the first stage the content-analysis of annual plans of the upbringing work of secondary educational institutions and annual plans of the upbringing work of form-masters was realized. At the second stage the author’s questionnaire was realized for young teenagers, their parents and teachers, and the results were analyzed. The involvement of parents and teachers at this stage allowed us to evaluate more objectively and precisely the parameters of information culture formation of young teenagers (knowledge about information culture bases, a desire to receive information and to master it, a striving for share information with other people and ability to interest them in information), today state of information culture in a secondary educational institution and to receive advices as to its formation among pupils of this age category. For the more essential confirmation of the veracity and exactness of the received results of optants questionnaire the methods of mathematical statistics were used (mode, median, mean value and Fisher parametric criterion). At the third stage the pedagogical evaluation of parameters of information culture formation was realized using diagnostic methods, methods of observation and expert evaluation. The fourth stage provided the results processing and the determination of information culture formation levels of young teenagers. The received results of information culture formation levels of young teenagers allowed us to confirm the necessity of technological support introduction as to the improvement of the information culture level of young teenagers under conditions of a secondary educational institution.

In the article the concept of modern international tourism is considered. The certain estimation of influence of global factors of business-environment on the process of forming of international tourist brand of countries is presented. A role and place of sign measures is described in the sphere of tourism of international level in forming of international tourist brand of country. The distribution of the most influential factors in the groups of levels of perception of international tourist brand is conducted. The aim of research is theoretical principles and methodical approaches of forming of international tourist brand in the system of international tourism. Methodological basis of research is approach of the systems to the analysis of economic processes and phenomena in an international environment. The purpose of the work consists in a scientific grounding of teoretical and methodological principles of forming and keeping of international tourist brand of countries in the system of international tourism. Globalization, social and cultural identity at the level of separate tourist brand of a country and at the world level must dialectically co-operate and provide to tourists both the market of countries and objects interesting for a visit and market of tourist services of the world level, usually at the level of quality for any civilized tourist. However the factor of maintainance of originality as the main condition of authentication of international tourist brand of concrete country, maintainance of tourist attractiveness of this country must prevail, that conditions the essence of tourism as the method of cognition of different and usual culture, method of receipt of the new impressions. Only thus forming of international tourist brand of country becomes the mean of stimulation of demand on tourist services in a country.

The paper is devoted to the study of the dynamics and movement character of global investment capital flows. According to expert data and reports of EBRD, OECD, WB, IMF, UNCTAD, MIGA, Credit Suisse there was realized the analysis of direct foreign investments in countries with the developed economy and developing ones. The short-term prognoses of the movement character of global investment flows of direct and portfolio investment by regions and in the whole were estimated. The high dynamics of renewal of global direct and portfolio investment flows in 2015 and their unessential decrease by 10-15% in the short outlook was determined. The modern global investment tendencies were systematized by regions: Europe, Northern America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, Near East and Northern Africa, Southern Africa. As a result, it was determined, that the decrease of investment flows dynamics is expected in Europe and Northern America, although Europe remains the most region-investor, and the Northern America demonstrates the fourfold growth of the capital inflow. For developing countries in the middle-term prospect will be typical tendencies of portfolio investments outflow. The deceleration and essential shortening of volumes of direct and portfolio investment flows is typical mainly for Africa and Eastern Europe. Asia is the exclusion, where the dynamics of capital inflow growth returns, and China that is the third investor in the world for today. Periods of global investment flows deceleration and their modern tendencies were separated and characterized.

Тhe article uses a correlation-regression analysis to further use the obtained correlation dependencies to assess the prospects for the extraction of natural gas from slate rocks in any region of the world. The statistical data on which correlation dependencies are derived are collected by analyzing information on the experience of shale gas extraction in countries such as the United States Marcellus, Haynesville, Barnett, Fayetteville, Woodford, Antrim, New Albany, Canada, Montenegro, Horn River) , China - playground Fuling and Argentina - the playground Vaca Muerta. Characteristics of shale formations are investigated for each of these deposits: gas content, depth intervals of shale rock formation, effective thickness, porosity, penetrability, organic matter content, catagenesis, wells productivity.

We developed the matrix of strategies for implementing the mechanism of collaborative alliances between the state and the extractive enterprises for the creation of social responsibility in the natural resource extraction. The matrix of strategies consists of blocks and is divided by levels of willingness to cooperate within the collaborative alliances in the field of natural resources. The synergy effect of common strategies of alliances increases with the balance of these strategies, which reflects the directions of its activities. Some areas of activity are effectively implemented when the functional and resource strategies are coordinated and adapted to each other and to the strategies of innovation and basic level. The coordination between the strategies minimizes risks, engages collaborative partners, creates innovative products and services, and implements socially-oriented policies in the mining regions. The result has showed that the potential for implementing the proposed strategies is very high, but it is necessary to specify the risks when coordinating the interests of all alliance participants for each mining region, as the formation of a "block of strategies" depends on the risks identified in a specific region.

In the article is considered the one of aspects of nature management regulation – an account of successive transformation of pollutants in a water body, that come with waste waters of industrial, municipal and agricultural enterprises. It is necessary at the determination of permissible pollutants emission with waste waters that doesn’t allow the excess of the permissible level of substances content in the control point of a water body. This problem is considered on the example of successive transformation of nitrogen-containing substances in the following transformation order: organic nitrogen – ammonium nitrogen - nitrite nitrogen – nitrate nitrogen. The topicality of the modeling of nitrogen-containing substances is conditioned by their role in water ecosystems functioning. At that existent mathematical models of natural water quality formation that take into account substances transformation contain the large number of unknown parameters. So, the use of such models in problems of nature management regulation is problematic, because identification of model parameters is a separate very complicated scientific problem. And existent models with relatively small number of parameters don’t take into account the natural pollution of water bodies, caused by the life activity of organisms; substance losses in the transformational chain are also possible. The improved matrix mathematical model of nitrogen-containing substances transformation without the indicated shortcomings is offered.

The complex of chemical-technological and sanitary-hygienic quality indicators of new pastry products of special nutrition was studied. The original recipes of meat pastries for special nutrition, enriched with biologically active components at the expanse of vitaminized blended vegetable oils (VBVO) and protein-fatty emulsions (PFE) on their base, were elaborated. There were elaborated four recipes of pastries of chicken and turkey with PFE, included in recipes in the amount 15…20 % and with vitaminized blended vegetable oils of two-component and three-component composition in the amount 10 %. Pastry samples, prepared according to SSTC 4432:2005 were used as a control.VBVO composition and fat-soluble vitamins content in them was determined by the gasochromatographic method.Molecular-genetic methods were used for the accelerated diagnostics of pastries safety by agents of food intoxications– Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus, number of mesophyl aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms (NMAFAnM), classic ones – colon bacillus group bacteria (CBGB), sulphite reductive clostridia, Staphylococcus aureus, L.monocytogenes, Salmonella. The storage term of products was prolonged in 2 times (48 against 24 hours) according to SSTC). The expedience of their introduction in production was proved.

Elderly people’s ration must necessarily include bakery, enriched with food fibers, of yesterday baking. To improve their quality and increase their storage life, the complex bakery improver (CBI) “Freshness” was elaborated. The base of the complex improver is beer powder, combined with lecithin, enzymatic preparation Betamalt 25 FBD, carboxymethyl cellulose, ascorbic acid. According to the results of research, the optimal dose of CBI “Freshness” in the recipe of bran loaves that is 2 % of flour mass was established. The processes, connected with staling and loss of organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters of bran loaves at storage, were considered. The results of the study of free and bound water in products indicate that CBI “Freshness” use decreases osmotically bound water content that confirms the deceleration of brain loaves staling process. It was established, that CBI “Freshness” use decreases crumbling of bran loaves and increase their swelling comparing with products without it. The studies proved that at CBI “Freshness” use, the content of bisulphite bounding compounds increases comparing with a control at the expanse of the increase of the amount of substances, that form a smell at dough ripening and dough half-finished products baking. The increase of carbonyl compounds amount in bran loaves correlates with more intense flavor and smell of products, and with a crust coloration. The positive influence of CBI “Freshness” use on microbiological parameters was received that is proved by bran loaves storage life increase up to 72 hours. It was proved, that BCI “Freshness” use favors the increase of non-packed bran loaves storage life up to 72 hours at the expanse of osmotically bound water content decrease and microbiological pureness increase.

The studies are devoted to the scientific grounding of expedience of after-harvest processing by antioxidant compositions for preventing the development of pathogenic microflora on fruit surfaces during a long storage. For the studies were used apple fruits of the varieties Aidared, Golden Dushesse, Renet Simirenka, pear fruits of the varieties Victoria, Crimea Raisin and Cure, plum fruits of the varieties Voloshka, Stanley and Italian Ugorka. Fruits were processed by immersion in the following antioxidant compositions: ACM is a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, ionol and polyethylene glycols; AARL – mixture of ascorbic acid, routin and lecithin; DL – mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, ionol and lecithin. Fruits, processed by water, were used as a control. Exposition - 10 seconds. Storage was carried out at the temperature 0±1 ºС, relative air humidity 90–95 %. It was established that in the period of fruits laying for storage, the mean amount of epiphyte microflora was fixed on surfaces of plump and pear fruits of the mean ripening term. In the variety composition of epiphyte microflora prevailed spores of mesophyl aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms. Their mean number on apple fruits surface was 9,6·103 CCU/g, pear fruits – 10,6 103 CCU/g, plump fruits – 18·103CCCU/g. AOC processing of all types of fruits essentially decreased the speed of both MAFAnM and micromycetes growth. It was demonstrated that the used compositions in 2…3,5 times decreased the level of day losses from microbiological spoilage during the whole storage period. The most positive effect was received at using compositions, based on dystinol and lecithin. Multifactor analysis determined that the level of day losses from microbiological spoilage was mainly influenced by factors of raw material variety features (factor A) and antioxidant compositions processing (factor D). The shares of influence are 24 and 21 % respectively.

The issues related to the reduction of the level of pollution and the increase in the safety of human life through the control of the operation of coke batteries used in heavy industry are investigated. Data on sources of emissions of harmful substances, including nitrogen oxides, are presented. Different modes of operation of coke batteries are analyzed and mathematical models are obtained, which allow choosing rational operating regimes based on the criterion for minimizing emissions of nitrogen oxides.

Elaboration and improvement of the process of raw material cleaning is an urgent scientifically technical process. The one of most prospective directions of vegetables cleaning process intensification is the elaboration of combined methods of their cleaning. The improvement of tubers cleaning process is based on the combination of thermal processing of sunroot tubers by steam and the process of further mechanical additional cleaning.The experimental studies of the influence of parameters of the process of sunroot thermal processing by steam on a tuber surface layer transformation were carried out. The influence of the steam pressure and the duration of the process of tubers thermal processing on the depth of the thermal processing of tuber surface layer and also on the effectiveness of the peel separation were studied. At the same time there were realized the studies as to the influence of the duration of tubers mechanical additional cleaning process on cleaning quality parameters. The experimental apparatus and correspondent method that allow to carry out investigations of the combined process of sunroot tubers cleaning with a possibility to determine the influence of all its parameters on the percent of raw material losses and cleaning quality were elaborated. Rational regimes of the combined process of sunroot tubers cleaning were established.

The necessary stage of technological process of “Urda” albumin cheese production is whey proteins extraction from sheep whey (in classic technology of product) or from the whey mixtures, offered in the work. For whey proteins extraction from whey the following ways are used: thermal, acid, acid-alkaline and chlorine-calcium.There was established the equal dependence of the influence of the way of proteins extraction from both sheep and cow whey on the output of protein mass.The most output of protein mass (3,47±0,10 %) is at the chlorine-calcium way of proteins extraction, a bit less – 3,41±0,08 % – at the acid-alkaline way. But the acidity of such protein mass, received by the chlorine-calcium and acid-alkaline ways is not high – 37,2±1,8 and 45,6±1,4 % respectively that negatively influences the gustatory qualities of product. The least output is registered at the thermal way. Albumin cheese, received from such protein mass, was the best by its gustatory qualities. The output of protein mass from sheep whey is 1,60 times higher than from cow whey. The mass share of proteins in protein mass, received from sheep whey is by 6,9…8,0 % higher comparing with one, received from cow whey.Protein mass, received from sheep whey by the chlorine-calcium and acid-alkaline ways has the low titrated acidity. Cheese, received from protein mass, received of sheep whey by the acid method, has the extremely high acidity values (115,5±1,5 °Т), excessive sour-milk flavor and smell. These results don-t allow to provide the long storage term. That is why it is recommended to use the thermal way for proteins extraction from sheep whey and for proteins extraction from cow way in the technology of “Urda” albumin cheese.So the thermal way of proteins extraction from the mixture of sheep and cow whey in ratio 1:1 or 3:1 can be used for “Urda” albumin cheese production. The use of cow whey gives a possibility to cheapen the product because cow whey is cheaper than sheep one. Such cheese has the improved organoleptic parameters, namely homogenous consistence, tender sour-milk flavor and smell.

Creation of marshmallow with natural dyes is impossible without investigation of properties of products and estimation of its quality. Our objects of investigation were organoleptic, physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of the products at storage for 30 days. The six of marshmallow samples were the objects of our research. They differed in the type of structuring agent - gelatin or gelatin with solubilized substances and the type of dye – water or water-alcohol extract of cryopowder from Sudanese rose or water-alcohol extract of cryopowder from вlack chokeberry.Necessary indexes of quality are supplied for the new types of marshmallow with natural dyes. Moisture content (19.0 ... 21.5 %), total acidity (3.5 °Brix), density (0.51 ... 0.67 g/cm3), reducing substances content (not more than 13.6 %) were determined by standard methods. Use of natural anthocyanin dyes let us to increase antioxidant properties of the ready product. Value of antioxidant capacity of the new samples, determined with use of galvanostatic coulometry method, is in 2 ... 2.5 times more than the same results for samples, made without the dyes.It was established that short time storage (up to 2 days) of marshmallow with natural anthocyanin dyes at temperature (15...18)°С and relative air humidity 60...75 % is possible without packing materials. Storage of the products in hermetically polyethylene wrap and cardboard box provides high indexes of quality, stability of colour in long time (up to 30 days). It was shown that antioxidant properties of marshmallow with water-alcohol extracts of cryopowder from Sudanese rose and black chokeberry remain stable.The new developed types of marshmallow with natural anthocyanin dyes makes wide market of confectionery and can be used for correction of feeding of a man.

As a result of the research, two directions for development of software architecture for low-power general purpose microcontrollers (LPGPM) are identified. The first, classical approach is the development using standard State patterns. The second is the development of programs, algorithms and structures based on mathematical analysis.The first direction is chosen in the work. The variant of the implementation of a typical pattern for development of software architecture (SA) in the form of a finite state machine (FSM) is proposed to discussion. This pattern allows to divide the development of the architectural part of the program for LPGPM and programming the LPGPM hardware. This approach makes it possible to divide the work of the software architect and the work of LPGPM hardware specialists. Advantage of the solution in comparison with the real time operating system (RTOS) is the saving of LPGPM hardware resources. In addition, it improves the readability of code and good testing prospects. The resulting architecture makes it possible to easily accompany the software and switch to other types of microcontroller. The disadvantage is an increase in the required amount of RAM with an increase in the number of states. It is this disadvantage that requires the application not only of experimental and engineering-intuitive methods, but also to continue research in the second direction.

A procedure for classifying objects in the space of N×2 factors-attributes that are incorrectly classified as a result of constructing a linear discriminant function is proposed. The classification accuracy is defined as the proportion of correctly classified objects that are incorrectly classified at the first stage of constructing a linear discriminant function. It is shown that, for improperly classified objects, the transition from use as the factors-attributes of their initial values to the use of the centers of gravity (COGs) of local clusters provides the possibility of improving the classification accuracy by 14%. The procedure for constructing local clusters and the principle of forming a classifying rule are proposed, the latter being based on converting the equation of the dividing line to the normal form and determining the sign of the deviation magnitude of the COGs of local clusters from the dividing line

A complex physical phenomenon, first discovered by engineer J. Huber in 1951, is investigated. From the perspective of an external observer, the phenomenon is as follows: an electric current is passed through the wheel pairs of the car moving from the rail to the rail. The current, passing through the movable contacts of the wheels and rails, creates an additional (up to the moment of inertia) torque. The research task is to explain the reason for the occurrence of torque. Based on the analysis of individual components of the electrodynamic phenomenon discovered by Huber, an algorithm for the successive interaction of the individual components of the effect is found on the basis of the laws of classical electrodynamics: electric, ferromagnetic, and mechanical.The identity of the effect is explained, both for the wheel pair and for the bearing (Kosyrev-Milroy engine). For the first time, the cause of the appearance of the torque is revealed: relative movement of surface charges in the region of the movable electrical contact to the wheel body and the rails (or balls and guides). Moving charges unevenly magnetized ferromagnetic bodies according to the Biot-Savart-Laplace law. Due to the reduction in the clearance of the oncoming side of the wheel (or balls) and the increase on the trailing side, the pulling force from the oncoming side and, accordingly, the moment are more than on trailing side. The presented theoretical explanations completely correspond to the experimental investigation of the effect carried out by different scientists at different times.

As a result of experimental studies, a special mathematical model of raw cotton is developed. The effect of density change on the thermal conductivity coefficient is determined. A nonlinear differential equation of heat propagation in coils is obtained. The dependence of the density of raw cotton on the coil height is determined experimentally. The heat flux is intense propagating from denser layers of raw cotton to less dense ones. In a saturated form, the effect of density changes on the propagation of heat is less than in the coils. Pocket spontaneous heating occurs locally with sharp boundaries.An expression is found, which is the general solution of the mathematical model of heat propagation in raw cotton in coils, on the basis of which a number of physical real models can be constructed.The model allows to preliminarily give an estimation of the likely picture of the temperature field in the given microvolumes of raw cotton.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the composition and properties of dispersion-strengthened aluminum-based SAP-ISML composite materials, which are used in various industries, including the aviation. The properties of such materials have been analyzed with the aim of ensuring the management of their quality for rational use and subsequent disposal. Mathematical models of dependence of parameters of dispersed-hardened materials on the basis of aluminum of SAP-ISML type on the aluminum content and temperature are constructed.

Currently, developers of modern refrigeration equipment, in accordance with the plans of the UN, are moving to natural refrigerants (hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and ammonia) that do not have an adverse technological impact on the ecosystem of the planet. In domestic refrigeration technology, one of the options is absorption refrigeration units, the working body of which is an aqueous ammonia mixture with the hydrogen addition. Having a number of unique advantages over compression analogs, absorption systems are characterized by lower energy characteristics.As the analysis shows, the maximum thermodynamic losses in the absorption aggregates are concentrated in the generating unit when the ammonia is evaporated, it is purified from water vapor and transported to the evaporator. In this connection, the mathematical modeling of the thermal regimes of the reflux condenser is performed, which is responsible for purification and transportation of ammonia vapor.Modeling is carried out on standard designs of absorption refrigeration units taking into account reasonable assumptions and results of own experimental researches. A cellular model is used. Stationary operating modes are modeled due to the high thermal inertia of the processes in the reflux condenser.As a result, the perspective of the thermal insulation installation throughout the reflux section is shown, which makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency by 17 ... 22 %

Conditions for the stabilizability of discrete almost conservative systems in which the coefficient matrix of a conservative part has no multiple eigenvalues are investigated.It is known that a controllable system will be stabilized if its coefficient matrix is asymptotically stable.The system stabilization algorithm is constructed on the basis of the solvability condition for the Lyapunov equation and the positive definiteness of P0 and Q1.This theorem shows how to find the parameters of a controlled system under which it will be asymptotically stable for sufficiently small values of the parameter e (P > 0, Q > 0).In addition, for a small parameter e that determines the almost conservatism of the system, an interval is found in which the conditions for its stabilizability are satisfied (Theorem 2).

The article analyzes the scientific approaches of domestic scientists to understanding the problem of will and the interrelated aspects of its development in ontogenesis. When studying ways of forming volitional behavior at its first stages, special attention is drawn to the fact that the child's volitional behavior arises with the emergence of the skills to build speech utterances, with which he begins to plan his activities and regulate the process of its implementation, that is, the mastering of planning and regulating functions of speech takes place. By analyzing the ways of forming language skills in preschool and early school age, structures for creation a speech utterance, the author clarified the term "expression speech" (stages of its construction) and language skills, provided for the implementation of each stage of verbal expression. Also it is justified the condition of volitional development of children mastering their language skills and functions; relationship stages of planning and regulatory functions of broadcasting in preschool and early school age. The paper presents the author’s functional-structural model of the optimization process of development of the planning and regulatory functions in the formation of children’s speech in their language skills.

The article discloses the problem of interactive technologies application at Ukrainian and German higher educational establishments that has been under study for the last twenty years. The definition of the notion “interactive technologies” and different interpretations of this concept that were given by Ukrainian and foreign scholars are highlighted. The peculiarities and varieties of interactive technologies (simulations, role-games, discussions, debates, cooperative and group learning, brainstorming, projects, graffiti, synthesis of ideas, collaborative work, fishbowl, roundabout and others) are brought to light. The article singles out similarities and differences of interactive technologies application in Ukraine and Germany. The author emphasizes on the organization of interactive activities at the lectures, the purpose of use of each kind of interactive technology in Ukrainian and German educational process. The detailed study, analyses and comparison of experience of foreign language teachers training in the above-mentioned countries are carried out.

The purpose of the research paper is to examine the differences between e-government and smart government and how will smart governments benefit modern public administrations and service delivery. It seeks to compare and contrast between smart government and e-government. In addition, it compares the application of smart government and e-government in the United States and Jordan. The research idea is based on the observation that the concept of e-government is relatively new in the modern world. Nevertheless, it has, in the last few decades, enabled governments to serve citizens using the internet technology. In addition, technology has allowed governments to obtain, process, manipulate, store, retrieve and report data on an efficient and reliable manner. The term ‘e-government’ refers to the development, adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the service delivery and activities of the public sector. Although there are many definitions of the term, it is generally agreed that the use of internet-enabled application to allow interactions between the government and outside groups are the key aspects of e-Government. An in-depth research method is based on the qualitative search of information from 13 credible sources. The study finds that the domain of E-Administration involves the initiatives that deal with improving internal working in the public sector. Further, it finds several differences and similarities between Jordan’s E-government model and that adopted from the US. It finds that America has a longer history of using digital systems in public service provision. Also, United States is already moving from e-government to Smart Government System. Jordan’s new system is still an e-government establishment rather than a Smart Government system, despite the fact that both systems have related objectives.

Intensification of agricultural production processes is accompanied by an increase not only in the productivity of agricultural crops and the productivity of animals, but also in the negative impact on the environment. Many agricultural producers do not adhere to scientifically grounded crop rotations, norms for introducing mineral fertilizers and doses of pesticides, rules for keeping and feeding animals, storing and recycling animal waste, etc., which leads to contamination of surface and groundwater, soil, air. To take into account the negative impact on the environment, it is advisable to use the form developed by us to assess the level of environmental risk and damage in agriculture.