Gaze Behavior and Visual Attention: A Review of Eye Tracking Studies in Aviation
- 1 October 2016
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in The International Journal of Aviation Psychology
- Vol. 26 (3-4), 75-104
- https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2017.1313096
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this article was to review a series of studies (n = 50) regarding gaze behavior and performance when piloting an aircraft. Background: Optimal gaze behavior can lead to improved flying performance under both normal and stressful conditions. Method: A computerized as well as a manual search of the literature was conducted. Articles were grouped according to prevalent themes, such as basic cockpit visual scanning, visual scanning in the automated cockpit, effects of new technology on visual scanning, nonnormal flight circumstances, differences between experts and novices, and mathematical models of visual scanning. A summary and key findings for each theme were reported. Results: The review revealed specific gaze behaviors that might be important when performing various flight tasks and when monitoring automated processes, and that can differentiate between expert and novice pilots. However, several concerns arose from the review. Among these concerns are the unexamined role of peripheral vision, the scarcity of studies on in-flight emergencies, and the lack of interventional studies. Conclusion: Specific gaze patterns appear to be related to improved flight performance. Future studies should address the methodological concerns mentioned to better clarify the relationship between gaze behavior and flying performance.Keywords
Funding Information
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (2009M00034)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPGP-2014-00051)
This publication has 39 references indexed in Scilit:
- Analysis of Pilot Eye Behavior during Glass Cockpit SimulationsProcedia Manufacturing, 2015
- Flying under pressure: Effects of anxiety on attention and gaze behavior in aviation.Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2014
- Effects of anxiety, a cognitive secondary task, and expertise on gaze behavior and performance in a far aiming taskPsychology of Sport and Exercise, 2012
- A Random Glance at the Flight Deck: Pilots' Scanning Strategies and the Real-Time Assessment of Mental WorkloadJournal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 2007
- Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Automated Flight Decks: An Empirical Study Combining Behavioral and Eye-Tracking DataHuman Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2007
- Mode Monitoring and Call-Outs: An Eye-Tracking Study of Two-Crew Automated Flight Deck OperationsThe International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2006
- Effects of Data-Link Modality and Display Redundancy on Pilot Performance: An Attentional PerspectiveThe International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2003
- Anxiety, arousal and visual attention: a mechanistic account of performance variabilityJournal of Sports Sciences, 2002
- Development and Evaluation of a Background Attitude IndicatorThe International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1999
- Saccade target selection and object recognition: Evidence for a common attentional mechanismVision Research, 1996