Multiple dimensions of functional relevance of genosensors

Abstract

Biosensors having the recognition element as DNA/RNA oligon-ucleotides are known as genosensors, which have been widely utilized for many applications including clinical diagnostic tool for diseases like cancer and a range of infectious diseases. This review aims to discuss the vast repertoire of nanomaterial based genosensors, their designing and numerous applications, including their usage in food quality assessment, environmental monitoring, as aptasensors for the recognition of nucleosides, as biomarkers for the identification of DNA methylation in epigenetics and molecular beacon nano-sensors for probing the living cancer cells etc. Genosensors are of utmost significance for solving various puzzles related to cellular processes and their control mechanisms.